what are the main features to Gregorys indirect theory?
perception as hypothesis formation, the role of previous knowledge and visual illusions
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according to Gregory, perception is based on 3 things, which are?
sensory data, knowledge stored in the brain and an inference or hypothesis about what is out there
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why does your brain develop these hypotheses?
to make sense of incoming sensory data, because the brain must make inferenes about the external environment based on frequently inadequate information supplied by the senses
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what was Bruners et al's study?
pp were shown false playing cards (ie black hearts or red clubs)
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what were the results of Bruners study?
pp expected to see black clubs and red hearts so their perceptual systems coped by 'seeing' cards that were purple or brown
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what does gregory suggest about visual illusions?
he suggests that many visual illusions are the result of 'misapplied hypotheses', hypotheses that noramlly work in the 'real' world but have been misapplied
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A02- why does palmer et al's study support this theory?
pp reported to see a loaf of bread frequently when shown a mail box, supporting the theory as their stored knowledge of what they should see in a kitchen led to an erranous hyp about what they saw.
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A02- what does Gregory mention about nurture?
highlights how the environment can influence peopls perception based on past experiences, explains why peoples witness acounts vary so much
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A02- why might Gregorys theory be reductionist?
it overemphasizes the importance of expectations as most people see the world accurately the majority of the time.
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A02- What research evidence is there for hypotheses testing?
Khorosani found the muller lyer illusion had less effect once participants knew about the illusion.
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A02- what did Shopland and Gregory find?
hypotheses testing may sometimes but not always contribute to end perception
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A02- what research evidence is there to support the role of previous knowledge and expectation?
Bruner and Minturn showed that the digits 1 and 3 will be perceived as the letter B if displayed within letter but as 13 amongst numbers
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A02- what research evidence is there for visual illusions?
Segall- people who do not live in 'carpented environments' are less likely to 'see' the muller lyer illusion.
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IDA- what real world applications are there for gregorys study?
US naval ship shot down iranian plane because they were convinced the plane was a direct threat
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what are the strengths of his theory?
can explain the ways our perceptual system deals with ambiguious situations, helped in the design on computer systems
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what are the limitations of his theory?
artificial settings- lacks ecological validity, why do we continue to see illusions when we know our brain is misleading us?
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
according to Gregory, perception is based on 3 things, which are?
Back
sensory data, knowledge stored in the brain and an inference or hypothesis about what is out there
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