The external inguinal ring and the internal inguinal ring
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Where is the external inguinal ring found?
Split in the external abdominal oblique
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Where is the internal inguinal ring found?
Caudal edge of internal abdominal oblique
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What is the caudal edge of the pelvic tendon of the external abdominal oblique called?
The inguinal ligament
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What sits through the inguinal canal and in what?
The testes and they sit in the vaginal process/vaginal tunic
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What structures pass through the inguinal canal?
Vaginal process/tunic, External cremaster muscle, Testicular artery, vein and nerve, Mesoductus and mesorchium, External pudendal vessels, Ductus deferens and Genitofemoral nerve
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What's the difference between an open and closed inguinal ring?
For an open ring there is overlap of the rings where as for closed ring the rings have little or no overlap (this can vary between individuals)
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Give an example of a species that has open inguinal rings
Pig and guinea pig
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Give an example of a species that has closed inguinal rings
Dog, cat, ox and horse
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Can testes still pass through a closed inguinal ring?
Yes it is just staggered
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What is the base of the femoral canal called?
Vascular lacuna
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How is the vascular lacuna separated from the external inguinal ring?
The inguinal ligament
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What is the purpose of the femoral canal?
Exit from abdomen of the femoral artery (branch of the external iliac artery)
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When does the external illiac artery become the femoral artery?
Once it passes through the vascular lacuna
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What does the femoral artery supply?
The hindlimb
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What does the femoral artery travel in after the femoral canal?
The femoral triangle
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What passes through the femoral canal?
Femoral artery, vein and nerve (also the deep inguinal lymph nodes)
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What clinical techniques are affected by the inguinal canal or the femoral canal?
Castration, inguinal hernia, cryptorchidism (undescended testes) and pulse taking
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What exits the pelvic outlet?
Gastrointestinal, genital and urinary tracts
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What makes up the pelvic outlet?
Pelvic girdle (bones) plus pelvic and urogenital diaphragm (muscles)
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What is the valsalva manouvre?
Forceful expiration against a closed glottis
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What makes up the pelvic girdle?
Ilium, pubis and ischium
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What is the name of the ligament that connects the sacrum to the ischial tubers in the dog?
Sacrotuberous ligament
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What does the sacrosciatic ligament connect to in the cow?
Sacrum to illium, ischium and ischial tubers
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What type of origin and insertion does the sacrosciatic ligament have?
Broad
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What fossa do the sacrosciatic ligament cause?
Ischiorectal fossa
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What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?
Coccygeus (lateral and narrow) and levator ani (medial and broader)
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Where does the levator ani sit?
Along the pubic symphysis
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What clinical condition is caused by the breakdown of the pelvic diaphragm?
Perineal Hernia
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What muscles are in the urogenital diaphragm?
Muscles associated with the external genitalia
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What does the urogenital diaphragm do?
Encloses the ventral portion of the pelvic outlet and serves to fix the reproductive tract in position to prevent cranial drag from the uterus during pregnancy and caudal drag during parturition
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Which direcion is the widest aspect of the pelvic outlet?
Diagonally
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Where do the anal glands sit?
4 o'clock and 8 o'clock
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What problems can anal glands have?
They can get impacted
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Where is the external inguinal ring found?
Back
Split in the external abdominal oblique
Card 3
Front
Where is the internal inguinal ring found?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the caudal edge of the pelvic tendon of the external abdominal oblique called?
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