PE-(GCSE) Winter term (Yr.10)

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what does ability mean ?
an inherited, stable trait that determines an individuals potential to learn or require a skill
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what does skill mean ?
a learned action or behaviour over time which is not inherited
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what are the four contiunas ?
open/closed, basic/complex, self paced/externally paced, fine/gross
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what is an open/closed continua ?
open-its an unstable enviroment, the way you do the skill is affected by people around them. closed- stable environment, the way you perform the skill isn't affected
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what is a basic/complex continua ?
basic- only a few decisions to be made, taught quickly. complex- involves decision making, only taught after experience is given in the chosen skill
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what is a self-paced/externally-paced continua ?
self-paced- the start of the movement is controlled by the performer, the speed of the skill is controlled by you. externally-paced- the start of the movement is controlled by external factors, the speed is controlled by external factors.
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what is a gross/fine continua ?
gross- involves big movements of the body. fine-involves small movements of the body
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what are the three different types of skill ?
cognitive skill, perceptual skill, psychomotor skill
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what is a cognitive skill ?
using the brain for decision making and problem solving eg, football player deciding weather to pass or shoot in front of the goal
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what is a perceptual skill ?
how well we select and interpret the information that we have received eg, a netball player blocks out the sound of the crowd and a attempts to call for a team mate
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what is a psychomotor ?
a physical movement towards a goal controlled by the brain eg, taking a strike with the bad in cricket
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what are some of the characteristics of a skilled performance ?
they have a goal, they are learned, they are consistently successful.
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what are the two types of ability ?
motor ability and perceptual ability
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what is motor ability ?
inherited traits that determine coordination, balance and speed of reaction and contribute to successfully moving a limb
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what is perceptual ability ?
refers to the ability to take in and process information
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why do we set goals in sport ?
to motivate performers, to focus a player and to make the player work hard to achieve it, also to mentally and physically prepare the player
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what are the two goal types ?
performance goals, outcome goals
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what is a performance goal ?
a goal set based on the players current performance which is based on what the performers need to improve
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what is an example of a performance goal ?
to get a better start off of the blocks in a 100m sprint
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what is an outcome goal ?
an outcome goal is used to judge the end of the result, there is usually comparison with other players, the outcome of the game is what is important
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what do you need to bare in mind about setting a goal if your a beginner ?
its best if they try to avoid outcome goals as they are not realistic
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what is and example of a bad goal for a beginner ?
to say that they will win a race
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what is an example of an outcome goal for an elite performer ?
winning an olympic gold in long jump
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what does SMART stand for when setting a target ?
Specific- to the demands of the bones and muscles moved and involved. Measureable- it must be possible to measure weather or not the goal has been achieved. Accepted- it must be agreed by the coach and performer. Realistic, Time- set over set time
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what does information processing ?
is using available information in order to make a decision
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what does decision making in sport mean ?
choosing a suitable skill or movement to impact the play
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what is the information processing model ?
the four stages of decision making in sport, like a flow chart
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what are the four stages of the information processing model ?
input, decision making, output, feedback
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what is input in terms of the information processing model ?
when a performer takes in information from the environment/ display. eg. what you can hear, see and feel
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what is decision making in terms of the information processing model ?
this is where a performer selects an appropriate response (movement/skill) from memory to consider carrying out eg. footballer would recall the memory of a previous free kick and compares the two situations
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what is output in term of the information processing model ?
the decision is sent to the appropriate muscles to carry out the response eg. impulses are sent to the appropriate muscles to receive the pass in netball
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what is feedback in terms of the information processing model ?
the success of this action, the information you receive may affect the performance of the skill in the future eg. did you catch the ball or did you drop it ? change performance accordingly
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what is intrinsic internal feedback ?
feedback received by the player themselves by their thoughts or emotions
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what is kinaesthetic feedback ? state an example
a form of intrinsic feedback received by receptors in the muscles on how a skill feels, example the physical feeling of landing on the trampoline after performing a summersault
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what is extrinsic external feedback ? state an example
feedback received from outside of the performer, eg a coach or video replay example, the coach telling you what you could have done differently
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what is guidance ?
the method of conveying information to a performer
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how many types of guidance are there ? name them.
4; visual, verbal, manual, mechanical
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what is visual guidance ?
a form of information which a coach may give through you actually watching something such as a live drill
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what is verbal guidance ?
a form of information which can be heard, when you get given information by the coach through speaking
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what is manual guidance ?
when you physically assist someone in a movement eg, when you flip someone under water for a tumble turn
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what is mechanical guidance ?
using an aid/object to assist or explain a movement
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what is an example of each guidance ?
visual- a demo, video, picture or poster;
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what are the advantages and disadvantages of visual guidance ?
adv; it clear if done correctly, its quick, easy to understand>> disadv; it can be done wrong so its harder to understand, people might not pay attention, need to be back up with verbal guidance to be effective
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what are the advantages and disadvantages of verbal guidance ?
adv;it helps to solidify the visual guidance, its very effective for elite performers>>> diadv; it can be boring, not really suitable for beginners
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what are the advantages and disadvantages of manual guidance ?
adv;it shows the performer how to perform the skill safely>>> disadv; the performer might become reliant on the helper
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what are the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical guidance ?
adv; its easier for a beginner to learn the skills with some sort of aid>>> disadv; sometimes the equipment/aid can be veryyyy expensive ie. gymnastic harnesses
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what are the different types of guidance needed for beginners vs elite performers ?
a beginner most likely needs visual guidance with verbal guidance to assistance but verbal must be short, they are likely to need mechanical and manual as well whereas elites only probably need verbal and occasionaly manual or mechanical
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define feedback
information received by a performer about their performance
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what are the three types of feedback ?
inntrinsic (internal), extrinsic (external), positive, negative, knowledge of performance, knowledge of results
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compare positive and negative feedback
positive motivate performers and makes the performer feel positive but if over used can make a false impression whereas negative focusses on improvement and could become demoralising if over used
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what is positive and negative feedback ?
information about what was correct/good in the performance
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what is intrinsic and extrinsic feedback ?
intrinsic is information that comes from within, uses senses and balance and memory
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compare intrinsic and extrinsic feedback
intrinsic can be used to make an adjustment during a performance and it requires a high level of skill whereas extrinsic is good for supporting a player but the coach must be knowledgeable and the coach may become relied on too much
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what is knowledge of performance and knowledge of results feedback ?
kop, information received about technique
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compare knowledge of performance and knowledge of results
kop is easily related to a player but can be hard to break down a performance required for elite whereas kor allows a quick measure of success but can be demotivating if unsuccessful and doesn't really help future improvement
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what kind of feedback is needed for a beginner ?
not negative or complex feedback as this leads to demoralisation, they cannot provide feedback for themselves
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what kind of feedback is needed for an elite performer ?
negative and complex so they can improve, they are able to take this sort of feedback, they are able to provide their own feedback
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what does skill mean ?

Back

a learned action or behaviour over time which is not inherited

Card 3

Front

what are the four contiunas ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is an open/closed continua ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is a basic/complex continua ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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