PE - AUTUMN HALF TERM 1 FLASHCARDS 0.0 / 5 ? Physical EducationFUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETONJOINTSIGCSEAQA Created by: jleighhhhhCreated on: 11-10-21 19:22 3 FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON SUPPORT - hold body and organs in place PROTECTION - protects organs MOVEMENT - provides anchor points for the muscles to pull 1 of 18 4 TYPES OF BONE CLASSIFICATION LONG - humorous SHORT - carpals FLAT - scapula IRREGULAR - vertebral column 2 of 18 DEFENITION OF JOINT a point where two or more bones meet 3 of 18 Abduction movement of a bone or limb away from the midline of the body. 4 of 18 Adduction: movement of a bone or limb towards the midline of the body 5 of 18 Rotation: the circular movement around a joint, in other words, movement around an axis 6 of 18 brief summary of movement Muscles PULL on tendons that PULL on bones = movement 7 of 18 Isotonic contractions Muscle action where the muscle changes length 8 of 18 Concentric Isotonic isotonic contraction when the muscle shortens 9 of 18 Eccentric isotonic isotonic contraction where the muscle lengthens 10 of 18 FULCRUM: the fixed point at which a lever turns or is supported. It can also be referred to as the axis. 11 of 18 LOAD: the weight or ‘resistance’ that the lever must move. 12 of 18 EFFORT: the force required to move the load. It can also be referred to as ‘force’. 13 of 18 Mechanical advantage equation effort arm ÷ resistance arm 14 of 18 mechanical advantage def. the lever can overcome a large load with relatively little effort 15 of 18 benefit of having a mechanical advantage less than 1 (1st and 3rd class levers) Rapidly move the resistance Large range of movement 16 of 18 what length arms do 1st and 3rd class usually have 1st and 3rd class levers normally have an effort arm that is shorter than the resistance arm. 17 of 18 benefit of having a mechanical advantage more than 1 (2nd class levers) Can overcome a large resistance with little effort Permits a large force to be applied example: gastrocnemius can move all of body weight 18 of 18
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