PE

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Hinge - these can be found in the elbow, knee and ankle. Hinge joints are like the
Shoulder joint
Ball and socket joint.
Articulating bones are humerus and scapula (the clavicle is not part of the shoulder joint).
Allows a great range of movement in all directions.
Many muscles are used to move the shoulder joint, including the deltoid,
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The skeleton has six main functions:

Support – the skeleton keeps the body upright and provides a framework for muscle and tissue attachment.
Posture – the skeleton gives the correct shape to our body.
Protection – the bones of the skeleton protect the i
Blood cell production – certain bones in the skeleton contain bone marrow which produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Examples of bones that contain marrow are the pelvis, sternum, humerus and femur.
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Storage of minerals - the bones store minerals such as calcium, iron, potassium and phosphorous and release them into the blood when the body needs to use them.
Synovial joints (freely movable joints) allow us the free movement to perform skills and techniques during physical activity.
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Synovial joints have synovial fluid in the joint cavity that lubricates or 'oils' the joint so it moves smoothly. Synovial fluid is made by the synovial membrane.
In synovial joints, the ends of the bones are covered with cartilage (called articular cartilage) which cushions the joint and prevents friction and wear and tear between the bone ends. Cartilage is a soft, spongy connective tissue.
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In synovial joints, the ends of the bones are covered with cartilage (called articular cartilage) which cushions the joint and prevents friction and wear and tear between the bone ends.
Ligaments are a type of connective tissue and are tough, fibrous and slightly elastic.
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They connect bone to bone and help keep the joint together.
They stabilise the joints during movement and prevent dislocation by restricting actions outside the normal joint range.
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They can absorb shock because of their elasticity, which protects the joint.
They help maintain correct posture and movement
The shoulder and hip joints are both ball and socket joints. A ball and socket joint is a type of synovial joint that allows movement in almost every direction. A ball and socket joint is made up of a round end of one bone that fits into a small cup-like
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Ball and socket joint
Articulating bones are pelvis and femur (head of femur is 'ball' and cup in pelvis is 'socket')
Allows a large range of movement in all directions
Many muscles are used to move the hip joint, including the gluteals
Abduction – movement away from the midline of the body. This occurs at the hip and shoulder joints during a jumping jack movement.
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Adduction – movement towards the midline of the body. This occurs at the hip and shoulder, returning the arms and legs back to their original position from a jumping jack movement or when swimming breaststroke.
Rotation – this is where the limb turns round its long axis, like using a screw driver. This occurs in the hip joint in golf while performing a drive shot or the shoulder joint when playing a topspin forehand in tennis.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Blood cell production – certain bones in the skeleton contain bone marrow which produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Examples of bones that contain marrow are the pelvis, sternum, humerus and femur.

Back

The skeleton has six main functions:

Support – the skeleton keeps the body upright and provides a framework for muscle and tissue attachment.
Posture – the skeleton gives the correct shape to our body.
Protection – the bones of the skeleton protect the i

Card 3

Front

Synovial joints (freely movable joints) allow us the free movement to perform skills and techniques during physical activity.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

In synovial joints, the ends of the bones are covered with cartilage (called articular cartilage) which cushions the joint and prevents friction and wear and tear between the bone ends. Cartilage is a soft, spongy connective tissue.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Ligaments are a type of connective tissue and are tough, fibrous and slightly elastic.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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