PCR (polymerase chain reaction) 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyDNA, genetics and evolutionA2/A-levelOCR Created by: CamillaCumminsCreated on: 29-05-17 12:39 What process makes multiple copies of DNA from one fragment? PCR (polymerase chain reaction) 1 of 10 What is DNA polymerase? An enzyme that helps to create the new DNA strand by lining up free nucleotides alongside each template strand 2 of 10 What are primers? Short pieces of DNA that are complementary to the bases at the start of the fragment you want 3 of 10 What temperature is the reaction mixture first heated to and why? 95 degrees Celsius- to break the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands 4 of 10 What is in the reaction mixture? DNA sample, free nucleotides, primers, DNA polymerase 5 of 10 Why is it important DNA polymerase specifically is used? Because it doesn't denature at high temperatures meaning many cycles can be completed without having to replace the enzyme. 6 of 10 After being heated to 95 degrees Celsius, what temperature is the mixture cooled to and why? Between 50-65 degrees celsius- allows the primers to bind (anneal) to the strands 7 of 10 After the primers have annealed, what temperature is the mixture heated to and why? 72 degrees celsius- so that DNA polymerase can work 8 of 10 How many copies of the DNA are produced in the first cycle of PCR? Two 9 of 10 Each PCR cycle doubles the number of DNA strands, how many strands would have been produced after the third cycle? 8x2= 16 10 of 10
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