Pathogens 3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? BiologyMicrobes and diseaseGCSEAQA Created by: LSmithCreated on: 26-03-14 09:44 What are microorganisms that cause infectious diseases called? Pathogens 1 of 22 What are bacteria? Very small, single-celled organisms, and not all cause disease 2 of 22 Pathogenic bacteria _______ rapidly inside the body Reproduce 3 of 22 Pathogenic bacteria may produce what that make us feel ill? Poisons (toxins) 4 of 22 Example of bacteria: E.Coli produces toxins that cause fever symptoms when we have food poisoning 5 of 22 Viruses are much ________ than bacteria Smaller 6 of 22 ALL viruses are... Pathogens 7 of 22 How do viruses make us ill? They produce toxins, and damage the cells in which they reproduce 8 of 22 How do viruses replicate? By invading cells, reproducing inside them and bursting them - this causes damage to tissues 9 of 22 An example of a virus... HIV virus damages white blood cells, reducing immunity and leading to AIDS 10 of 22 How can pathogens enter the body? Nasal passages, Mouth, Urethra, Anus, Vagina, Insect bites, Hair follicles, Contaminated needles, Scratched and cuts and direct penetration 11 of 22 Disease occurs when... Large numbers of pathogenic micro-organisms enter the body 12 of 22 How are diseases transmitted? Unhygienic conditions, direct contact with infected people or inhaling droplets from coughs or sneezes 13 of 22 In the 1850s, who insisted that medical students washed their hands before delivering babies? Ignaz Semmelweiss 14 of 22 Why did people not readily accept Semmelweiss' ideas? People were not aware of micro-organisms 15 of 22 Why do people wash their hands before and after treating patients nowadays? To prevent disease being transmitted from patient to patient 16 of 22 How does the body externally protect us from infection? Skin, blood clots sealing the wound, Ear wax, Tears, Nostril hairs, Eyelashes 17 of 22 How does the body internally protect us from infection? The trachea and lungs produce mucus to trap micro-organisms, and the stomach secretes hydrochloric acid which kills pathogens 18 of 22 Internal defences include white blood cells... These are part of the immune system 19 of 22 There are two types of white blood cell.. Phagocytes and Lymphocytes 20 of 22 What do phagocytes do? They ingest and destroy micro-organisms 21 of 22 What do lymphocytes do? They produce antibodies that destroy specific pathogens, and they produce antitoxins that destroy toxins released by pathogens 22 of 22
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