Parturition

A dog whelps ad gives birth to?

Puppies

1 of 47

A cat queens and gives birth to?

Kittens

2 of 47

A cow calves and give birth to a?

Calf

3 of 47

A sow farrows and gives birth to?

Piglets

4 of 47

A ewe lambs and gives birth to?

Lambs

5 of 47

A horse foals and gives birth to a?

Foal

6 of 47

An alpaca unpacks and gives birth to a?

Cria

7 of 47

A rabbit kindles and gives birth to?

Kits/kittens

8 of 47

A ferret kindles and gives birth to?

Kits/kittens

9 of 47

What happens to progesterone levels when parturition begins?

Cortisol causes corpus leutum to degenerate, and so progesterone levels fall

10 of 47

What does oestrogen help to co-ordinate during parturition?

Contraction of the muscular uterine wall (myometrium)

11 of 47

What is the name of the hormone produced by the placenta?

Relaxin

12 of 47

What is the function of the relax hormone?

Relaxes the cervix and pelvic ligaments to enable parturition

13 of 47

What hormone promotes uterine contraction?

Oxytocin

14 of 47

State the stages of parturition?

Preparation, first stage, second stage, third stage, puerperium

15 of 47

State which stage of parturition each of the following occurs at:

The passage of allantochorin - third, expulsion of the foetus - second, a drop in temperature - first and cats seek seclusion - preparation/first, the amnion is seen at the ***** - second and mother eats the placenta - second/third

16 of 47

Describe the normal presentation of a foetus during parturition

Anterior or posterior presentation, dorsal position. If anterior the head must be extended to prevent dystocia. If posterior, legs extended

17 of 47

Define pierperium

This is the period of time after parturition in which the reproductive tract returns to normal (involution) it can take 4-6 weeks

18 of 47

The colour variation is due to the differences in marginal haematoma discharge, therefore what would be considered normal for the following?

Cat - dark red to brown/black - Dog - green, brown to black Horse - brown

19 of 47

Define anterior

Foetal delivered first

20 of 47

Define posterior

Foetus delivered backwards

21 of 47

Define breech

Bottom delivered first (legs remain inside)

22 of 47

What is presentation in foetal orientation?

The direction of the long axis of the foetus in relation to that of the dams

23 of 47

What is position defined as in foetal delivery?

The degree of foetal rotation at birth

24 of 47

What is dorsal position described as?

The back of the foetus is uppermost in the same orientation as the damn

25 of 47

What is posture defined as in foetal delivery?

The orientation of the head and legs - either extended or flexed

26 of 47

What are the abnormalities in foetal alignment?

Can vary from normal presentation, position and posture of the foetus during delivery

27 of 47

How can abnormalities in foetal alignment be corrected?

Vaginal manipulation, however caessarean section is often indicated

28 of 47

What behaviour may the ***** and queen show during parturition stage and physical traits that may indicate the start?

Prepatrum hypothermia 37-38c (decline in plasma progesterone), find dark quiet areas, preparing 'nest, seek privacy or attention, slightly swollen *****, mucous vaginal discharge and some may show no signs!

29 of 47

What behaviour might the female show in the first stage of parturition?

Uterine contractions, cervical relaxation+dilation, rupture of alliontochorion and allantoic fluid may be present, milk may be present in mammary gland, restlessness and panting, anorexia, shivering, vomiting, cats will have sough seclution

30 of 47

What is expected in the second stage of parturition?

Noticeable contractions, squeezing from ribs in perineal area, involuntary - myometrium,time between contractions + birth variable 10-30 mins, general rule strain no more than 30 mins to pass a puppy. May take breaks up to 4 hours between each puppy

31 of 47

What immediate checks must be done on delivery of a foetus?

Clear airways and mum will eat placenta

32 of 47

When should a veterinary surgeon be consulted?

If there is more than 6hrs between puppies, if the ***** is straining unproductively for more than 30 minutes

33 of 47

Should the young be removed from the mother during the remainder of parturition?

No they are best left with the mum, may stress her out if removed

34 of 47

What advice would you give owners with regards to placental numbers and discharge from the mother?

Count the placenta (mother often eats), dark coloured ***** discharge (contains green coloured pigment from the placenta), in polytocous species the expulsion of each foetus is followed by expulsion of the placenta

35 of 47

Signs of impending parturition in the mare

Mammary development begins 2-6 weeks pre-partrum, the udder becomes swollen with a colostrum and there is a waxy secretion on the teat ends, and

36 of 47

What does the relaxation of sacrosciatic ligaments (ligaments next to the tail)

The foaling will be within 1-4 days

37 of 47

What signs do mares show in the first stage of parturition?

Mares do not normally strain but show signs of pain - flank watching, sweating, restlessness, frequently getting up and down

38 of 47

What signifies the end of the first stage of parturition?

When chorioallantoic membrane is ruptured and litres of fluid and expelled from the vaginal

39 of 47

What signs do mares show in the second stage of parturition?

Forceful abdominal contractions and subsequent appearance of the amnion

40 of 47

What is the third stage of parturition in the mare?

The expulsion of the membranes usually takes place within 2-3 hours

41 of 47

What is considered an veterinary emergency in the mare delivery?

Retention of foetal membranes for more than 4-5 hours

42 of 47

Define oxytocin hormone in parturition?

Released from the posterior pituitary gland - causes strong uterine contractions to expel the foetuses and release of milk from mammary glands

43 of 47

Define oestrogen hormone in parturition?

Usually low until just before birth - levels start to rise as parturition approaches - this helps to co-ordinate contractions of the muscular uterine wall

44 of 47

Define relaxin hormone in parturition?

Produced by the ovaries and placenta in mares during pregnancy - relaxes the cervix and pelvic ligaments to enable parturition

45 of 47

Define progsterone hormone in parturition?

Essential to sustain pregnancy - inhibits uterine contractions without it tissues regain their ability to contract and become 'sensitised'

46 of 47

Define cortisol hormone in parturition?

Causes the corpus leutum to degenerate and production of progesterone falls

47 of 47

Get Revising

Parturition

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Similar Other resources: