particle physics

?
what are isotopes ?
isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons
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what is specific charge ?
a particles charge divided by its mass
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what are the four fundamental forces ?
gravity , electromagnetic , strong nuclear and weak nuclear
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what does the strong nuclear force do ?
what holds together the nucleus in a stable atom
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what is alpha radiation ?
radiation that occurs when a alpha particle is emitted in a unstable atom
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what is a alpha particle made up of ?
two neutrons , and two protons
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what is beta radiation ?
when a neutron changes into a proton in the nucleus of an unstable atom , emitting a beta particle and a antineutrino
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when is gamma radiation emitted ?
it is emitted by a nucleus with too much energy , and follows after a beta or alpha particle emission
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what is an electromagnetic wave made up of ?
an electric wave and an magnetic wave
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an electric and magnetic wave travel together and vibrate ....
at right angles to eachother and in phase
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what is a photon ?
packet of electromagnetic waves
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what is the antiparticle of an electron ?
a positron
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what is annihilation ?
when a particle and antiparticle meet they destroy eachother and become radiation
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define pair production ?
when a gamma photon becomes a particle and corresponding antiparticle
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name a modern use of annihilation ?
PET brain scanner
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define electron volt
the energy transferred when an electron is moved through a pd of 1 volt
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why are virtual photons referred to as " virtual "
we cant detect then directly as we could stop the force acting and they wouldnt exist
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what is the weak nuclear force ?
a fundamental force that causes changes in the nucleus such as a neutron changing into a proton
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what are cosmic rays ?
high energy particles that travel through space from the stars
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what do k mesons decay into ?
pi mesons , muons , antinuetinos
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what do pi mesons decay into ?
muons, antineutrinos
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what do pi zero mesons decay into ?
high energy photons
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what do muons decay into ?
electrons , antineutrinos
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what are hadrons ?
subatomic particles and antiparticles that interact through the strong nuclear force
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what are leptons?
subatomic particles and antiparticles that interact through the weak nuclear force
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what are baryons ?
protons and all other hadrons that decay into protons
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what are mesons ?
hadrons that do not include protons in their decay
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what are the 5 feynman diagrams i must know ?
neutron-neutrino interaction , proton antineutrino interaction , beta minus decay , beta plus decay and pair production
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what is electron capture ?
when a proton rich nucleus turns into a neutron
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what are most cosmic rays ?
high energy protons or small nuclei
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what are 4 ways to detect particles and cosmic rays ?
cloud chambers , bubble tanks, predictions and acceleration
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what is strangeness ?
property of k mesons , they decay more slowly than expected from amount of energy released
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what are the two types of neutrinos ?
electron and muon neutrinos
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what is the first lepton rule ?
in an interaction between a lepton and a hadron , a neutrino or antineutrino can change into a corresponding charged lepton
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what is the second lepton rule ?
in muon decay the muon changes into a muon neutrino, in addition an electron antineutrino are created to conserve charge
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is specific charge ?

Back

a particles charge divided by its mass

Card 3

Front

what are the four fundamental forces ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what does the strong nuclear force do ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is alpha radiation ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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