Ancient belief that the body was made up of 4 liquids; yellow bile, black bile, blood and phlegm. Remaining healthy was dependant on keeping these liquids in balance. It remained popular in Western Europe throughout the Middle Ages.
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Christian Church
The main source of authority other than the King. They were the main providers of care for the sick, building most of the 700 hospitals in England. Promoted Galen's ideas because he said the body had been designed by a 'creator'
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'Care over Cure'
The christian Church followed Jesus' example in caring for the sick. But because they believed God had sent illness, they refused to try to cure people for fear of going against him
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Superstition
A belief, not based on knowledge, but in the supernatural like God, witchcraft and astrology
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Pilgrimage
A journey to a religious shrine and relics to show your love of God and to cure an illness
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Monastery
A building where monks live, eat and pray. They were cleaner than towns and cities because of their isolation, water supplies and education
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Miasma
'Bad air' which was blamed for spreading disease
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Astrology
Study of the planets and its affect on humans. A supernatural theory of disease in the Middle Ages
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Urine Chart
Doctors used human urine to help diagnose an illness
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Amulet
A charm that brought 'protection' from disease
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Purging
To rid the body of 'excess' like blood and vomit
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Leeching
The use of leeches for drawing blood from patients
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Cupping
Using glass cups to draw blood to the surface
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Apothecary
A medieval pharmacists or chemist
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Islamic Medicine
Islamic lands stretched from the Middle East to Southern Europe in the Middle Ages. They were more advanced as they took a more scientific and natural approach to illness than Christians
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Bismaristans
Hospitals in Islamic lands built for use of everyone. Students trained alongside doctors.
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Pysician
A male medically trained doctor
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Barber Surgeon
Untrained surgeon, who practiced basic surgery
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Anaesthetics
Something to take away pain during operation. Barber Surgeons found herbs such as hemlock and opium as effective
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Antiseptics
Something used to keep the wounds clean during operations. Barber surgeon found wine as effective
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Cauterisation
Surgeons tried to stop the blood loss by burning the wound. It caused great pain to the patient and more often than not the patient would die from infection
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Wisewoman
A female healer, who used magic or herbal remedies to cure illnesses
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Vademecum
A medieval 'medical' book carried by doctors
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Herbal Remedy
Medicine made from plants with natural cures
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Trepanning
Cutting hole in the skull
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Rakers
Men hired to clean the steets of muck
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Cess pit
A pit full of human waste. Most often found in towns and cities
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Gong Farmer
A person employed to dispose of the humam waste that built up in cess pits
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Pillory
A wooden device which locked people in a public space. Used as punishment for not keeping the streets clean
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Lavatorium
The part of a monastery with running water where monks could wash before meals
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Epidemic
A widespread outbreak of disease
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Black Death
An epidemic which spread across Europe reaching England in 1348 killing over a third of the population
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Bubonic Plague
Version of the Black Death that was spread by fleas carried on rats
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Pneumonic Plague
Version of the Black Death that was spread by human contact through coughing
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Buboes
Sufferers of the Black Death recieved these dark swellings under the armpits and in the groin
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Flagellant
People who whipped themselves to show God they repented their sins and wanted mercy
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Statue of Labourers
Law passed by King in 1351 in an attempt to get people to recieve wages no higher than they had before the Black Death
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The main source of authority other than the King. They were the main providers of care for the sick, building most of the 700 hospitals in England. Promoted Galen's ideas because he said the body had been designed by a 'creator'
Back
Christian Church
Card 3
Front
The christian Church followed Jesus' example in caring for the sick. But because they believed God had sent illness, they refused to try to cure people for fear of going against him
Back
Card 4
Front
A belief, not based on knowledge, but in the supernatural like God, witchcraft and astrology
Back
Card 5
Front
A journey to a religious shrine and relics to show your love of God and to cure an illness
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