Biology Paper 1 Topics-Random Questions
These flashcards are based on random topics on the spec on the Paper 1 Biology paper to test your knowledge.
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What two conditions are optimal for bacterial reproduction?
Warm and moist.
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What are the main symptoms of food poisoning?
Fever, stomach pain and vomiting.
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What are the steps that lead bacteria developing antibiotic resistance?
(STEPS 3-4 ON NEXT FLASHCARD)
1. Most of the population of bacteria is non-resistant but some will have random mutations and become resistant to antibiotics.
2. The antibiotic resistant bacteria will survive and the non resistant bacteria will die.
1. Most of the population of bacteria is non-resistant but some will have random mutations and become resistant to antibiotics.
2. The antibiotic resistant bacteria will survive and the non resistant bacteria will die.
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What are the steps that lead bacteria developing antibiotic resistance?
3. The antibiotic resistant bacteria reproduces rapidly as it has no competition from the non resistant bacteria (they have all died).
4. When these antibiotic resistant bacteria reproduce they produce genetically identical copies which are also resistan
4. When these antibiotic resistant bacteria reproduce they produce genetically identical copies which are also resistan
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What measures can be taken to help prevent strains of antibiotic resistant bacteria from developing?
Doctors should only prescribe antibiotics if they are needed and not for viruses, protists or fungi infections.
Patients should complete their course of antibiotics to ensure all the bacteria are killed.
Patients should complete their course of antibiotics to ensure all the bacteria are killed.
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What is the first stage of drug testing called?
Pre-clinical trials.
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In pre-clinical trials, what are they testing the
drug for?
drug for?
The toxicity of the drug.
The efficacy of the drug.
The efficacy of the drug.
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What is the next stage of testing called?
Clinical trials.
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What is the process of clinical trials?
1. Done of patients, healthy volunteers or a combination.
2. Drug is given at low doses to see how safe the drug is and what side effects there may be.
3. Trials are done to work out correct dosage and effectiveness of drug.
4. Double blind- no one knows
2. Drug is given at low doses to see how safe the drug is and what side effects there may be.
3. Trials are done to work out correct dosage and effectiveness of drug.
4. Double blind- no one knows
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What are the 2 human gametes called?
Sperm Cell
Egg Cell
Egg Cell
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In what organs are sperm cells made in?
Testes
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During what process are sperm cells produced?
Meiosis
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When sperm and egg cells fuse together, what is the name of the resultant cell produced?
Zygote
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How many chromosomes do human gametes have?
23 chromosomes
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How many chromosomes do human zygotes have?
46 chromosomes
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When would organisms such as fungi and strawberry plants reproduce asexually?
When the conditions are good.
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What are the advantages of reproducing
asexually rather than sexually?
asexually rather than sexually?
1. Asexual reproduction is faster than sexual reproduction.
2. No mate is required so asexual reproduction is more efficient in terms of energy and time.
3. In good conditions, genetically identical offspring can be good as they will be well
adapted to
2. No mate is required so asexual reproduction is more efficient in terms of energy and time.
3. In good conditions, genetically identical offspring can be good as they will be well
adapted to
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What's the name of the pores found on the
leaves of plants that take up CO2?
leaves of plants that take up CO2?
Stomata
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What's the name of the specialised cells that control the size of the stomata?
Guard cells
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What's a disadvantage of having too much stomata on a plant?
Too much water might be lost.
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If CO2 increases in the atmosphere, how
could this affect the number of stomata on a plant?
could this affect the number of stomata on a plant?
The number of stomata may decrease as there's more CO2 in the air so the plant needs less stomata to get the necessary amount required
for photosynthesis to occur.
for photosynthesis to occur.
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What's the name of the organ which is central to the functioning of the circulatory system?
Heart
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What's the difference in the structure of veins
and arteries?
and arteries?
Arteries have a thicker muscle layer.
Veins have a wider lumen.
Veins have valves.
Arteries have more elastic tissue.
Veins have a wider lumen.
Veins have valves.
Arteries have more elastic tissue.
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What's the role of platelets?
Triggers blood clotting at wounds.
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What is the 'lock and key theory'?
The key is the substrate.
The lock is the active site of the enzyme.
The substrate fits into the active site.
There is usually only one enzyme for every substrate.
The lock is the active site of the enzyme.
The substrate fits into the active site.
There is usually only one enzyme for every substrate.
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How do changes to the pH influence the activity rate of enzymes?
Enzymes have an optimum pH level where they are most active.
Changes in pH away from the optimum will decrease enzyme activity.
If pH is too low or high, the enzyme can
denature causing it to stop working.
Changes in pH away from the optimum will decrease enzyme activity.
If pH is too low or high, the enzyme can
denature causing it to stop working.
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What ways are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
Good blood supply
Large surface area
Large surface area
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What are some advantages of a heart transplant
of someone who's living with coronary
heart disease?
of someone who's living with coronary
heart disease?
Better quality of life after treatment.
Reduced reliance on drugs after surgery.
Increased length of life after surgery.
Reduced reliance on drugs after surgery.
Increased length of life after surgery.
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What are some disadvantages of a heart transplant
of someone who's living with coronary
heart disease?
of someone who's living with coronary
heart disease?
Donor heart may be rejected.
Long waiting list.
Patients may have to take immunosuppressants that can make patients more likely to catch other infections.
High cost.
Risky operation.
Limited supply of suitable donors.
Long waiting list.
Patients may have to take immunosuppressants that can make patients more likely to catch other infections.
High cost.
Risky operation.
Limited supply of suitable donors.
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What's the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Oxygen + glucose ---> carbon dioxide + water
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What makes a disease non-communicable?
It cannot spread between organisms.
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What is the process of translocation?
The process of transporting the food produced by photosynthesis in the plant.
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What are the two places in which food made by plants are transported to?
Growing regions
Storage organs
Storage organs
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In what plant tissue does translocation occur?
Phloem
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the main symptoms of food poisoning?
Back
Fever, stomach pain and vomiting.
Card 3
Front
What are the steps that lead bacteria developing antibiotic resistance?
Back
Card 4
Front
What are the steps that lead bacteria developing antibiotic resistance?
Back
Card 5
Front
What measures can be taken to help prevent strains of antibiotic resistant bacteria from developing?
Back
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