p53 and ras

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p53 is known as _________
The guardian of the genome
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_______ is a tumour suppressor protein with 393 amino acids
p53
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The gene for p53 is
TP53
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The p53 gene is mutated in around _______ of cancers
50%
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In over 75% of cases, the mutation of p53 is a _____ mutation
Missense
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The p53 gene is found on the short arm of chromosome ____
17
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p53 was discovered in 1979 as a cellular target of _____ virus
Simian 40
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Tumour supressor proteins can help prevent cell death, repair damaged DNA, components of cell signalling pathways, or ____
Are involved in cell anchorage
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A proto-oncogene is a gene that has the potential to become an ______
Oncogene
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Ras is a
Proto-oncogene
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P53 is a
Tumour suppressor gene
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The ras protein will not usually be initiated unless required by it's appropriate
Growth factor
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A hyperactive Ras protein can occur from certain ________
Mutations
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P53 is named for it's protein's ______
53000 dalton molecular weight
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The protein that p53 gene encodes is a transcription factor that promotes the synthesis of cell cycle _______ proteins
Inhibiting
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A mutation that knocks out the p53 gene, such as the hyperactive ras, can lead to ________ cell growth
Excessive
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Once the p53 gene is activated, it activates several other genes, such as p21, miRNAs, turns on DNA repair genes and can turn on
Suicide genes
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Mutations in Ras occur in around ____ of cancers
30%
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_______ growth can occur when the pathways components (growth stimulating proteins) are in excess, or hyperactive versions or the protein are present
Excessive
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p53 ________ p21 which binds to cyclin-dependant kinases
Activates
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p21 binding to cyclin dependant kinases allows time for the cell to _______ it's DNA
Repair
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Tumour suppressor alleles are usually
Recessive
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Oncogenes usually behave as
Dominant
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If a person has an inherited oncogene/mutant tumour suppressor gene they are ________ to develop cancer
More likely
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The 15% of inherited mutations of colorectal cancer affect the __________ gene
adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)
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Mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 are found in at least _____ of inherited breast cancers
Half
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If someone is homozygous for the normal breast cancer allele, they only have a _____ chance of developing breast cancer before 50
2%
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BRCA1 and BRCA2 are considered ________________
Tumour supressor genes
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BRCA1 and BRCA2 function in the cell's DNA damage _______ pathway
Repair
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The Epstein Barr virus (mononucleosis) has been linked to
Burkitt's Lymphoma
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The Human papilomavirus has been linked to
Cervical cancer
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HTLV-1 virus has been linked to
Adult leukemia
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Viral oncoproteins known to inhibit ___ are: adenovirus, hepatitis b, papilloma virus, epstein barr, human Tcell lymphotropic virus
p53
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p53 is a ___ with four chains
Tetramer
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The center of p53 is an _________
Ogliomerisation domain
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The _____ domain is made of an immunoglobulin like beta sandwich of two antiparrallel beta sheets
DNA binding domain
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The ________ is rich in arginine residues to interact with the DNA
DNA binding domain
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Most of the p53 cancer causing mutations are found in the ______ that are involved in positioning the DNA or contacting it directly
DNA binding domain
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The most common mutation in the DNA binding domain changes _____ 248
Arginine
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If p53 is mutated there is a loss of ______ function
Apoptotic
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5% of p53 mutations are found in the _______ domains
Regulatory
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p53 activity is incompatible with excessive cell ________
Growth
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Li-Fraumeni syndrome is associated with germline mutations in the _______ gene
p53
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__________ is a rare autosomal dominant, highly penetrant cancer predisposition disorder
Li Fraumeni
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Early onset of sarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, breast cancer, leukaemia and brain tumour are characteristic of this disease
Li Fraumeni
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p53 is higher and more pronounced in _______
Women
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Women have a higher chance of p53 mutated cancer, due primarily to ___________
Breast cancer
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Again, the p53 mutations in lung cancer are found in the
DNA binding domains
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The half life of p53 is usually _____
6 - 20 minutes
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This molecule blocks p53's transcriptional activity, and causes its degredation
MDM2
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Ubiquination by MDM2 causes p53 to
Break down
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When the cell is stressed MDM2
Polyubiquitylates itself
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DNA damage ---> ATM activated ----> phosphorylates p53 ------> lots of p53 ----->
Induction (enlistment) of p21
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An inhibitor of cdk-2/cyclinE (required for g1 --> s) is _____
p21
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p53 dependant apoptosis is typically through the ________ pathway
Intrinsic
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p53 can activate transcription of _________ genes, such as those from the bcl-2 family, BAX, NOXA and PUMA
Proapoptotic
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PUMA is always expressed at low levels, if a stress is excerted, p53 activation results in ___________ of PUMA
Transcription
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

_______ is a tumour suppressor protein with 393 amino acids

Back

p53

Card 3

Front

The gene for p53 is

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

The p53 gene is mutated in around _______ of cancers

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

In over 75% of cases, the mutation of p53 is a _____ mutation

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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