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6. Once the p53 gene is activated, it activates several other genes, such as p21, miRNAs, turns on DNA repair genes and can turn on

  • Suicide genes
  • Grimm reaper genes

7. In over 75% of cases, the mutation of p53 is a _____ mutation

  • Non dysjunction
  • Deletion
  • Missense
  • Nonsense

8. Ubiquination by MDM2 causes p53 to

  • Break down
  • Activate suicide

9. __________ is a rare autosomal dominant, highly penetrant cancer predisposition disorder

  • Li Fraumeni
  • Tay Sachs

10. DNA damage ---> ATM activated ----> phosphorylates p53 ------> lots of p53 ----->

  • Induction (enlistment) of p21
  • Induction (enlistment) of p321

11. 5% of p53 mutations are found in the _______ domains

  • Regulatory
  • Activation

12. Early onset of sarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, breast cancer, leukaemia and brain tumour are characteristic of this disease

  • Li Fraumeni
  • Tay Sachs

13. Ras is a

  • Proto-oncogene
  • Tumour suppressor gene

14. BRCA1 and BRCA2 function in the cell's DNA damage _______ pathway

  • Deletion
  • Repair
  • Recreation
  • Destruction

15. Ataxia Telangiectasa Mutated Kinase (ATM) is responsible for transducing stress signals

  • True
  • False

16. Mutations in Ras occur in around ____ of cancers

  • 30%
  • 20%
  • 45%
  • 84%

17. When the cell is stressed MDM2

  • Polyubiquitylates itself
  • Ubiquinates p53

18. The Epstein Barr virus (mononucleosis) has been linked to

  • Adult leukemia
  • Burkitt's Lymphoma
  • Cancer of the cervix

19. DNA methylation and histone modifications differ in normal cells and cancerous cells

  • True
  • False

20. Most of the p53 cancer causing mutations are found in the ______ that are involved in positioning the DNA or contacting it directly

  • DNA binding domain
  • Ogliomerisation domain
  • Activation domain