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6. Once the p53 gene is activated, it activates several other genes, such as p21, miRNAs, turns on DNA repair genes and can turn on
- Suicide genes
- Grimm reaper genes
7. In over 75% of cases, the mutation of p53 is a _____ mutation
- Non dysjunction
- Deletion
- Missense
- Nonsense
8. Ubiquination by MDM2 causes p53 to
- Break down
- Activate suicide
9. __________ is a rare autosomal dominant, highly penetrant cancer predisposition disorder
10. DNA damage ---> ATM activated ----> phosphorylates p53 ------> lots of p53 ----->
- Induction (enlistment) of p21
- Induction (enlistment) of p321
11. 5% of p53 mutations are found in the _______ domains
12. Early onset of sarcoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, breast cancer, leukaemia and brain tumour are characteristic of this disease
13. Ras is a
- Proto-oncogene
- Tumour suppressor gene
14. BRCA1 and BRCA2 function in the cell's DNA damage _______ pathway
- Deletion
- Repair
- Recreation
- Destruction
15. Ataxia Telangiectasa Mutated Kinase (ATM) is responsible for transducing stress signals
16. Mutations in Ras occur in around ____ of cancers
17. When the cell is stressed MDM2
- Polyubiquitylates itself
- Ubiquinates p53
18. The Epstein Barr virus (mononucleosis) has been linked to
- Adult leukemia
- Burkitt's Lymphoma
- Cancer of the cervix
19. DNA methylation and histone modifications differ in normal cells and cancerous cells
20. Most of the p53 cancer causing mutations are found in the ______ that are involved in positioning the DNA or contacting it directly
- DNA binding domain
- Ogliomerisation domain
- Activation domain