P4 Radiation for Life
- Created by: Erica Marshall
- Created on: 12-03-13 21:50
Why can you get an electric shock from closing a car door?
You become charged up by the friction of the rubber tyres on the road; when you touch the metal body it discharges.
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A defibrillator delivers an electric shock through the chest wall to the heart. What does the electric shock do to the heart?
The shock restores a regular heart rhythm.
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Sound is a longitudinal wave.Explain how sound travels through the air to reach your ear?
A series of compressions/high pressure areas; refraction/low pressure areas in the air.
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Why are fuses always connected to the live wire?
The live wire is the one at high voltage; so the fuse is placed in the live wire to break the circuit as close to this as possible.
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What is 'ultrasound'?
Sound above 20000 Hz
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Light is an example of a transverse wave. What is the difference between a longitudinal and a transverse wave?
In a longitudinal wave the vibrations of the particles are parallel to the direction of the wave; in a transverse wave the vibrations of the particles are at right angles to the direction of the wave.
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High-powered ultrasound is used to treat a patient with kidney stones. How does ultrasound do this?
Ultrasound vibrations pass into the body to the stones and the vibrations break up the stones.
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Why must high powered ultrasound be used to break up kidney stones?
High powered ultrasound carries more energy and the stones need more energy to break them up.
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What type of nuclear radiation does not change the composition of the nucleus?
Gamma.
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What type of nuclear radiation travels at about one-tenth the speed of light?
Beta.
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What are two natural sources of background radiation?
Rocks/soil and cosmic rays.
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What are two sources of background radiation caused by human activity?
Radioactive waste from power stations and nuclear weapons.
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Why are x-rays and gamma rays suitable to treat cancer patients?
They are both ionising radiations and they can kill cancer cells.
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Why are alpha and beta particles not suitable to treat cancer patients?
They cannot penetrate into the body to the site of the cancer.
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How are radioisotopes for medical use produced?
They are placed into a nuclear reactor and made to absorb neutrons.
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What is a radioactive tracer?
A radioactive isotope which is introduced to the body and to diagnose a problem.
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What sort of radiation should a tracer emit?
Gamma
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What is meant by 'fission'?
It is the breaking down of a large nucleus into smaller one.
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What is nuclear fusion?
The joining of two lighter nuclei to make one heavier one
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What are boron control rods?
Rods are raised or lowered in a nuclear reactor to control the rate of fission.
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An atom or molecule that has become charged is an ___.
Ion
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When a polythene rod is rubbed with a duster, electrons are transferred from the duster to the polythene. What charge does the polythene rod have now?
Negative charge.
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Why is ultrasound preferred to x-rays?
It doesn't damage living cells and it is able to produce images of soft tissue.
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A smoke detector contains an isotope which emits ______ particles
Alpha
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What radioactive substance of carbon is present in all living things?
Carbon-14
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What rays are made by firing high-speed electrons at metal targets?
X-rays.
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What is used to destroy a tumour in the body?
A radioisotope.
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What uses are their for electrostatics?
Defibrillators, paint and crop sprayers, dust precipitators and photocopiers.
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What can reduce the risk of getting an electric shock?
Correct earthing, standing on insulating mats, wearing shoes with insulating soles and bonding fuel tanker to aircraft.
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What is an example of a longitudinal wave?
Sound or ultrasound waves.
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What is an example of a transverse wave?
A light wave.
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What is the wavelength?
It is the distance occupied by one complete wave
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What is a frequency?
It is the number of complete waves in one second, measured in Hertz (Hz)
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What are the properties of a beta particle?
It is negatively charged, has a very small mass, travels very fast and is an electron.
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What is an radioisotope?
An isotope of an element that is radioactive.
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What are the properties of an alpha particle?
It is positively charged, has a large mass, has an helium nucleus, has helium gas around it and consists of two protons and two neutrons.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A defibrillator delivers an electric shock through the chest wall to the heart. What does the electric shock do to the heart?
Back
The shock restores a regular heart rhythm.
Card 3
Front
Sound is a longitudinal wave.Explain how sound travels through the air to reach your ear?
Back
Card 4
Front
Why are fuses always connected to the live wire?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is 'ultrasound'?
Back
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