P3 revision flashcards

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What is a primary source of energy?
A source that occurs naturally for example sunlight, wind and oil.
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What is a secondary source of energy?
Somethings generated from a primary source, such as electricity.
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What is a fossil fuel?
A fuel that has built up over millions of years by the decay of animals and plants. Coal and petroleum are both fossil fuels.
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What is a biofuel?
A fuel that has recently come from a living material such as wood.
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What is the name for an energy source that will not last for much longer?
Unsustainable.
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What is power?
The rate at which energy is used.
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What is energy measured in?
Joules.
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Why is the kilowatt used?
To measure domestic appliances that use thousands of watts of energy, so it easier to use a larger unit of power.
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How many joules is a kilowatt-hour (kWh)?
3,600,000 joules.
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Energy used (J) = ?
Power rating (W) x Time (s).
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Kilowatt-hour (kWh) = ?
Kilowatt (kW) x Time (hours).
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How much is 1 unit on an electricity bill?
1 kilowatt-hour.
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Cost of energy = ?
Number of units used (kWh) x price of one unit (pence per kWh).
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Power = ?
Voltage (V) x Current (A).
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Daily energy use (kWh per day) = ?
Energy needed to produce the item (kWh) / Number of days that item lasts.
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Efficiency = ?
Energy used successfully / Energy supplied to appliance x 100%
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What does a Sankey diagram show?
The total amount of energy used, where the energy was wasted and where the energy was used successfully.
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How does a simple generator produce current?
A magnet is passed through a coil of wires. This is called electromagnetic induction.
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What is the difference between a fossil or biofuel power station and a thermal power station?
A thermal power station takes heat from the ground to heat the water, whereas a fossil or biofuel power station burns fossil and biofuels to heat its water.
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If a magnet is repeatedly moved in and out of a coil, what is this making?
A continuos to and fro current called and alternating current (a.c).
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What happens to uranium atoms inside a nuclear reactor?
They are split into lighter atoms and this releases energy which makes the fuel very hot.
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What does the hot fuel do in a nuclear power station?
It boils water that turns the turbines.
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What happens once the uranium atoms have all split?
The fuel becomes solid and nuclear waste.
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What do nuclear fuel and nuclear waste give out?
Ionising radiation.
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What is the difference between contamination and irradiation?
Contamination is when a radioactive material touches or enters something, but irradiation is exposure to the ionising radiation that radioactive materials give out.
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What is the name given to an energy source that won't run out such as wind?
Renewable.
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Is nuclear power a renewable energy source?
NO.
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What are the two types of solar panels?
Thermal and photovoltaic.
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How do the two type of solar panels work?
Thermal solar panels use the heat from the sun to heat water or directly heat buildings themselves. Photovoltaic solar panels use the Sun's radiation to create a voltage.
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How does hydroelectric power work?
Rain falls at the tops of hills and then streamed into dams. The water flows through these dams downhill and turns turbines to generate electricity.
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What is a cluster of wind turbines called?
A wind farm.
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How does tidal power work?
As the waves move they turn turbines and this creates electricity.
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What is the National Grid?
The thing used to transfer energy across the UK to factories and homes.
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Why can power plants not just be built anywhere?
Because they need to be near lots of water so that they can be cooled.
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What is the voltage used in the home?
230V.
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What is increased so that the heat loss in the National Grid wires is minimised and why?
Voltage because high current gives out lots of heat, and an increase in voltage = a decrease in current.
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What does a step up transformer do?
It increases the voltage.
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What does a step down transformer do?
It decreases the voltage.
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Name two advantages to nuclear power?
It is cheap and doesn't give off CO2.
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Name two disadvantages to nuclear power?
If there was an accident lots of people would die, and there is not much space to store nuclear waste safely.
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Name two advantages of renewable energy?
It would release less CO2 and it is often not expensive to use once set up.
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Name two disadvantages of renewable energy?
It can be unreliable because winds don't always blow, and wave and tidal generators interfere with wildlife.
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Give one argument for not using less energy?
It's essential to education, business and pleasure and so it should not be limited.
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Give one argument for using less energy?
The more energy we use the worse it tends to be for our environment.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a secondary source of energy?

Back

Somethings generated from a primary source, such as electricity.

Card 3

Front

What is a fossil fuel?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a biofuel?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the name for an energy source that will not last for much longer?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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