P3

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what is a primary energy source
a source of energy that is used in the form it is found
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name three examples of primary energy sources
fossil fuels, nuclear fuel, biofuels
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what are secondary energy sources
primary energy sources transfer energy into secondary, such as electricity
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what is power
the rate of energy transfer
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what is a joule
a very small amount of energy
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what is a kilowatt-hour
energy transferred by a power of 1kW in an hour
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what is the flow of electricity called
the current
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what is current measured in
amps
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what is the voltage of a power supply measured in
volts
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what is electrical power
current x voltage
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how is current both useful and wasted
current in a component transfers electrical energy into useful things. current in the connecting wires wastefully transfers into heat
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what does an electricity metre do
records the amount of electrical energy transferred into a house
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how do you work out the cost of electricity
number of units supplied x cost per unit
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how do you work out the electricity in units
power x time
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how can information about energy be displayed
bar, line or pie chart
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what is a sankey diagram
shows the energy transfers in a component
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describe a sankey diagram (rules)
energy flows from the left. the input energy is how thick the arrow is. each energy output is shown with an arrow head and arrows on the right must add up to the beginning on the left
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what is energy efficiency
the amount of output energy that was useful
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how can single people use less electricity
turn off standby items, cooking in a microwave oven, using high efficiency appliances
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how can nations use less electricity
use more efficient cars, live in better insulated houses, build more efficient power stations
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how can human impact on the environment be reduced
recycling, using renewable energy sources
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how does an electric current flow in the circuit
move a magnet near the wire
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what happens when the magnet is moving
the current flows, as the magnetic field changes
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power stations produce mains electricity by doing this, what are they called
generators
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explain how generators work in power stations
they use primary fuels to boil water into steam. the steam passes a turbine making it spin. the turbine spins the magnet inside the generator.
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what primary energy sources can turn turbines directly
wind and water
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how are coal, gas, hydroelectric and wind power stations different
they use different things to turn the turbine in the generator
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how do nuclear power stations produce high pressure steam
put fuel rods close to each other in the reactor, so they heat up. take away the heat with high pressure water around the rods. use the high pressure water to boil low pressure water in a boiler,
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describe the waste from nuclear power stations
causes serious health risks, must be stored until it's safe, emits ionising radiation
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what is the difference between irradiation and contamination
irradiation is the radiation touching you or in path of you. contamination is when the radiation is inside of you
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why is the risk of ionising radiation overestimated
it cannot be seen or felt
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name three renewable energy sources that can use turbines to make electricity
wind turbines, hydroelectric power and wave technology
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why are renewable energy sources debatable
they are expensive to build/run, some are unattractive and often dependant on weather
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what is the national grid
network of cables that transfers electricity throughout the UK
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why do power cables heat up
they wasteful transfer electrical current into thermal energy
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why does the national grid carry electricity at high voltages
reduces the current, so it reduces wasteful energy transfer
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why do substations reduce voltage to 230V
so it is suitable for our homes
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what energy sources produce large amounts of electricity
nuclear, fossil, biofuels and hydroelectric
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what energy sources are weather dependant
wind, waves,solar and geothermal
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name the environmental impacts that some energy sources have
nuclear power produces radioactive waste. fossil fuels produce greenhouse gasses. hydroelectric and tidal power floods large areas. wind farms cause noise and visual pollution.
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when choosing an energy source, what following things should be considered
impact it has on the environment, cost of building and running, how much waste in produced, reliability,efficiency
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what us the power output of a power station measured in
millions of watts or megawatts (MW)
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what power output does a power station have if it used nuclear or fossil fuels
1000MW and a lifetime of 40 years
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what power output does a wind farm have
300MW, and a lifetime of 20 years (but can vary with weather)
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what power output does a hydroelectric power station have
10 000MW and a lifetime of 80 years
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why is global demand for energy likely to increase
larger population, high-energy lifestyle
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how can we have a secure energy supply in the future
use more renewable fuels as fossil fuels run out, constant access to energy sources, replace old power stations with more efficient ones
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

name three examples of primary energy sources

Back

fossil fuels, nuclear fuel, biofuels

Card 3

Front

what are secondary energy sources

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is power

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is a joule

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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