P2a

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What is Velocity?
Speed in a direction
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What is Speed?
How fast you are going
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What does the gradient mean in a Distance Time Graph?
Speed
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What does the flat line mean in a Distance Time Graph?
Stopped
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What does the Straight up or down mean in a Distance Time Graph?
Constant speed
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What does a curve mean in Distance Time Graphs?
Acceleration or Deceleration
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How do we calculate speed?
Speed = Distance / Time
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How do we work out speed from a Distance Time Graph?
Vertical / Horizontal
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What is acceleration?
The change in velocity
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How do we work out acceleration?
Change in velocity / Time taken
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How do we work out acceleration from a Distance Time graph?
the curves
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How do you work out acceleration on a velocity time graph?
vertical change/horizontal change
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What is the unit for acceleration?
m/s2
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What is mass?
Amount of something
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What is weight?
The force of gravity pulling the object to the earth
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What is the unit for mass?
Kg
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What is the unit for Weight?
Newtons
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What it the formula for weight?
Mass * Gravitational field strength
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What is the resultant force?
Overall force of an object
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What happens if there is no resultant force of a moving object?
Stay moving at the same velocity
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What happens if there is no resultant force of a stationary object?
Stay stationary
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What happens if there is a resultant force?
The object will change motion
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What is f?
The resultant force
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What happens if there is a non-zero resultant force?
The force will always produce acceleration or deceleration
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What is the resultant force measured in?
Newtons
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What is the formula for resultant force?
F = m * a
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What are the forces when two object interact?
Equal and opposite
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What is Friction?
A force that opposes motion
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How do you reduce drag?
Make the shape streamlined
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What is terminal Velocity?
When an object has reached its maximum speed
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How is terminal Velocity met?
When speed and frictional forces become equal
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What is the sum of stopping distance?
Thinking distance + Braking distance
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What factors effect thinking distance?
Tiredness, Drugs, Alcohol, how fast your going
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What factors effect braking distance distance?
Brakes, Tyre's, grip, driving conditions
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What does something need to move?
Energy
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What is the formula for work done?
Force * Distance
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What is the unit for work done?
Joules (J)
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What is GPE?
Gravitational potential energy is when the force of gravity makes the object gain energy
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What is the gravitational field strength on earth?
10n/kg
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What so you call an object that can go back to its original shape after being stretch?
Elastic
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What is it called when a the force on an object reaches maximum elasticity?
Limit of proportionally
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Where does the limit of proportionality stop?
Where the graph starts to curve as it isnt at the same proportionality
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What is power?
The amount of energy transferred per sercond
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What is a powerful machine?
A machine that can transfer lots of energy in a short period of time
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What is power measured in?
Watts (j/s)
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What must momentum always be after collision?
Conserved and equal to the total momentum before
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How can you reduce the force in momentum?
Increase the time
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What happens in regenerative breaking systems?
Instead of the breaks converting heat kinetic energy into heat energy, energy is transferred into electrical energy
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What are crumple zones in a car?
Where the front and back of a car crumble to convert kinetic energy into other forms of energy?
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What is the purpose of side impact bars?
To redirect the kinetic energy
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What do seat belts do?
Increases time taken for the wearer to stop which reduces forces on the chest and absorbs some energy when they stretch
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What do more powerful engines have?
Higher power ratings
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What is a power rating?
The amount of energy it transfers from its fuel every second
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Why do aerodynamic cars have higher top speeds?
As they have less air resistance to overcome
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What happens when two insulators are rubbed together?
Electrons will be scrapped off one and dumped on the other which will give them static charges
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What are objects called that electrical charges can easily pass through called?
Conductors
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What is current?
The flow of electrons
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What is potential difference?
The driving force that pushes the current around
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What is the resistance?
Something that slows down the flow
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What is charge measured in?
Coulombs
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What is time measured in?
Seconds
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What does the VI graph look like for a fixed resistor?
Directly proportional, is a straight line
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What does the VI graph look like for a Lamp?
Curved Line as the voltage gets higher the the temperature increases so the resistance increases
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What does the VI graph look like for a Diode?
Curve then a rise just after the VI intersect
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Why does resistance increase when temperature of resistor increases?
As some of the electrical energy is transferred into heat energy and so the resistor gets hot where the
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What happens in an LDR?
The Darker it is the more resistance
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What happens in a thermistor?
The colder the more resistance
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What is the voltage in a series circuit?
Shared
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What is the Voltage in a parallel circuit?
The same
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What is the UK mains electricity?
230 Volts and 50Hz
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What is hertz?
Frequency, cycle per second
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What colour is the live wire?
Brown
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What colour is the neutral wire?
Blue
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What colour is the earth wire?
Green and yellow
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What does the earth wire do?
The earth wire creates a safe route to go if the live wire touches casing
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What happens if there is a fault in the live wire?
The current travels through the earth wire and breaks the fuse to break the circuit
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How should a fuse be rated?
Just higher than the operating current
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What is a circuit breaker?
An electrical safety device that detects changes in the current and breaks the circuit
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Why are RCCB better?
As they are faster to break a circuit, dont have to be replaced each time and work for small current changes
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What happens to energy as it goes through components?
Energy drops
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What are isotopes?
Different forms of the same element
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What gives out background radiation?
Unstable isotopes, Sun, Nukes
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How is an isotope radioactive?
Emits particles from their nuclei
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What are the properties of alpha particles?
Postive, 2 protons, 2 neutrons, larger mass than beta, effected by magnetic fields
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What are the properties of beta particles?
Fast moving electrons which have a negative charge, made when a neutron splits into a proton and electron
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What are the properties of gamma radiation?
Waves with no charge
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What is radioactive decay?
A process which cannot be controlled which is a random event
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What is half life?
Decay rate, of its average time it takes for half the nuclei to decay
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What is nuclear fission?
The splitting of the nucleus, large nuclei splitting into smaller ones, releasing energy
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What happens in nuclear fission?
A small moving neutron is absorbed into a nuclei and then splits into two smaller nuclei and upto 3 neutrons to complete the reaction again
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What do the control rods do in a nuclear fission reactor?
Controls the reaction and absorbs the neutrons
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How does a nuclear fission reactor work?
Fuel rods contain Uranium, where nuclear fission takes place, heat is released which boils water into steam which drives a turbine
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What does the coolant do?
Carries energy from the control rods to the heat exchange unit
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What is nuclear fusion?
The process of forcing two nuclei close enough together so they form a single larger nucleus
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Where does nuclear fusion take place?
In stars
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How is does nuclear fusion work?
Two light nuclei joining to create a larger nucleus
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What are the advantages to fusion?
Releases more energy, can be done with hydrogen
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What are the disadvantages?
It needs 10 000 000 degrees to work
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Life cycle of a star
Gravity pulls dust and gas together into a protostar, where GPE is converted into heat energy which starts nuclear fusion.
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...
It starts the main sequence at this point which can last several billions of years, eventually hydrogen runs out. Heavier elements such as iron are then made by nuclear fusion.
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The star swells up and into red giant, it becomes red because the surface cools, it ejects its outer layer as a nebula, which leaves behind a hot solid dense core (a white dwarf) which cools into a black dwarf
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Big stars however glow brightly again as they undergo more fusion forming elements upto uranium as a red super giant, they explode and form a supernova, they will either form a neutron star or a black hole if its big enough because of how dense it is
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is Speed?

Back

How fast you are going

Card 3

Front

What does the gradient mean in a Distance Time Graph?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does the flat line mean in a Distance Time Graph?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does the Straight up or down mean in a Distance Time Graph?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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