P2

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What is the EM spectrum in order of frequency (high to low?)
Radio, microwave, infrared, visible light, uv, X-ray, gamma
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How high is energy in a high frequency wave?
Very high
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What is ionisation?
When radiation has enough energy to remove an electron from a molecule or atom
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Why is ionising radiation damaging?
It can mutate our cells causing cancer or kill them directly
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How can we protect ourselves from ionising radiation?
Reduce time exposed, shield to absorb
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What can happen to radiation after it is emitted for a source?
Transmission, absorption or reflection
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What is radiation intensity?
How much energy hits a m squared of a surface per second
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What affects intensity?
How much energy per photon and how many photons
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Why does intensity decrease with distance?
It's spreads out or some is absorbed
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How do you calculate the total intensity of radiation?
number of photons x energy in each photon
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Give three uses of microwave radiation...
Microwave ovens, mobile phone signals and satellite communication
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Why are microwaves good for satellite communication?
They are not absorbed by the atmosphere
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What are infrared and light radiation used for?
Optic fibres (signal doesn't weaken and little is absorbed)
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What are radio waves used for?
TV and radio transmissions (not absorbed by atmosphere)
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What is the greenhouse effect?
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reradiate radiation back down to Earth, acting as an insulating layer
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What else do greenhouse gases do with radiation?
Absorb it, reradiate back to Earth or into space
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How is ozone formed?
A UV molecule splits up an O2 molecule. The separate O molecules then join other O2 molecules forming O3 (ozone)
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Why is ozone important?
When it is created it absorbs UV meaning it cannot harm us on Earth
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What are 3 processes that return carbon to the atmosphere?
Respiration, Combustion, Volcanic activity, Decay
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What are two processes that take carbon from the atmosphere?
Dissolving into oceans, photosynthesis
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How does deforestation affect the carbon cycle?
Less photosynthesis and more combustion= greater CO2 in atmosphere
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What are three impacts of Global Warming?
Rising sea levels, drought, extreme weather eg. Hurricanes
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What happens to information before transmission?
It is converted to electrical signals
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What is the difference between an analogue and digital signal?
Digital signals have only a take only a one of a discrete number of values, analogue can take any value of a range
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What is noise?
Interferences/ electrical disturbances picked up by signals in transmission
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Why are digital signals better than analogue?
Noise is more easily removed, send several at once and are easily processed by computers
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How high is energy in a high frequency wave?

Back

Very high

Card 3

Front

What is ionisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why is ionising radiation damaging?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How can we protect ourselves from ionising radiation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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