a cloud of dust & gas was squeezed, once close enough by gravity. Then it collapsed = protostar formed. The temperature rose so then fusion took place = hydrogen nuclei turns into helium.
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9. How were the planets made?
from the material of the original cloud (the sun) containing hydrogen, helium & heavier elements = clump together.
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10. Are the sun & planets the same age?
yes, about 5000 million years old. The universe = 14000 Million years old
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11. How were asteroids formed?
they're what's left over from the original cloud, rocks between Jupiter & Mars didn't from planets = asteroid belt
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12. Comets are formed in the same way, but what are comets?
Comets are balls of ice or rock that orbit the sun
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13. What galaxy are we in & where abouts?
we are about halfway along one of the spiral arms in the Milkyway
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14. What does 'light years' measure?
The distance that light travels through a vacuum in one year.
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15. How many galaxies does the universe have in it?
there are about a thousand million galaxies each with thousands of millions of stars
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16. If the suns diameter is 100x bigger than earth's, what is the Milkyways diameter?
600 billion times bigger than the diameter of the sun
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17. How far away is the Milkyway from the nearest galaxy?
600,000 times further apart than the sun and the nearest star
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18. What do stars emit?
electromagnetic radiation (light, x-rays, radio waves)
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19. How can you tell how hot a star is?
by the colour, the brighter it is, the hotter it is.
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20. How can you workout how far away a star is?
If the star is relatively nearby (you can see it) astronomers use a parallax
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21. What is a parallax?
Astromoners take pictures 6 months apart, the movement of a star in this time will help work out how for is is away (stars further away move LESS)
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