P12: Wave Properties.

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  • Created by: cieran_10
  • Created on: 06-01-18 23:57
What do waves transfer?
Energy, not matter.
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What do humans use waves for?
To transfer energy and information.
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What is the direction in which a wave travels?
It is the direction in which the wave transfers energy.
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How does a whole wave move?
The particles-in the wave-oscillate to and from around a point.
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Give one example of a transverse wave?
A water wave.
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What is a transverse wave?
It is a wave where the direction of vibration-of the particles- is perpendicular to the direction in which the wave actually travels.
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Give an example of a longitudinal wave?
A sound wave.
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What is a longitudinal wave?
It is a wave where the direction of vibration-of the particles-is parallel to the direction in which the wave travels.
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What is a longitudinal wave is made up of what?
Compressions and rarefactions.
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What do mechanical waves travel through?
A medium, which is a substance.
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Give two examples of mechanical wave?
Waves on springs and sound waves.
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What can electromagnetic waves travel through?
Through a vacuum.
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Give two examples of electromagnetic waves?
Light waves and radio waves.
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What are all electromagnetic waves?
Transverse waves.
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What may mechanical waves be?
Transverse or longitudinal waves.
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What is the amplitude of a wave?
It is the height of the wave crest or it is the depth of the wave trough, from the midpoint of the wave.
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The greater the amplitude of a wave, the _________?
More energy it carries.
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What is wavelength?
It is the distance from one crest to the next crest or from one trough to the next trough.
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What is frequency?
It is the number of wave crests passing point in one second.
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What is the unit of frequency?
Hertz (Hz), which is equivalent to waves per second (/s.)
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What is the period of a wave?
It is the time it takes for one wavelength to pass a point.
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Give the equation for the speed of a wave.
Wave speed=frequency x wavelength (m/s=Hz x m.)
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What is the wavelength of a longitudinal wave?
It is the distance from the middle of one compression to the middle of the next and the same applies to rarefactions.
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What is the frequency of a longitudinal wave?
It is the number of compressions passing a point in one second.
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Using what two pieces of "equipment" can you investigate the behaviour of waves?
By using water waves and a ripple tank.
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What is the name of waves that are travelling towards a barrier or a boundary?
These are incident waves.
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What is the name of the action that takes place when a wave "hits" a/the barrier?
Reflection.
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What happens to the reflected wavefront, when it hits a barrier?
It moves away from the barrier at the same angle to the barrier as the incident wavefront.
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When a wavefront is reflected, what happens to its speed and its wavelength?
There is no change in either.
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When do waves' speed and wavelength change?
When they cross a boundary between different substances.
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How can a difference in speed and wavelength-when changing between boundaries-in a ripple tank?
When the water wave crosses the boundary between the deep and shallow water.
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What happens if waves do not meet a boundary at right angles?
The change in speed will cause a change in direction too. This is called refraction.
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Complete the sentence: when waves meet a boundary with a different substance they may be _____________?
Totally or partially reflected, transmitted through the substance or absorbed by the substance.
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What is sound caused by?
Mechanical vibrations in a substance, that travels as a wave.
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What can't sound waves travel through and give an example of one?
A vacuum, such as: space.
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How can you easily investigate how sound waves cannot travel through a vacuum?
By listening to a ringing bell in a bell jar.
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What happens to a ringing bell, as air is sucked out of a sealed jar with it in?
The sound would gradually fade away.
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Give two features of surfaces that sound waves can be reflected from?
Hard and flat surfaces.
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How is an echo produced?
When sound waves are reflected.
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What does the pitch of a note depend on?
The frequency of the sound waves.
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Complete the sentence: the higher the pitch of the sound, the ____________?
The higher the frequency of the sound waves.
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What does the volume of a sound depend on?
The amplitude of the sound waves.
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Complete the sentence: the louder the sound, the _______________?
More energy the wave carries and the higher the amplitude.
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When sound waves reach the ear, what vibrates?
The eardrum.
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What do vibrations in the ear then cause?
The ear to send electrical signals to the brain, to process the sound and make language of this.
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What is the range of human hearing?
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz.)
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What- in terms of hearing- begins to decline with age?
The ability to hear and process higher frequencies.
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What is sound intensity's depending factor?
Frequency.
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At what frequency does the human ear-on average-hear best at?
3,000 Hz (3 kHz.)
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What are ultrasound waves?
They are sound waves with a higher frequency.
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What is the equation for the distance travelled by an ultrasound pulse?
The speed of the ultrasound wave x the time taken. (m=m/s x s.)
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What can ultrasound be used for, in terms of the medical world?
For ultrasound scanning, such as: pre-nuptual scanning and he scanning of soft tissue.
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Give two examples of soft tissues.
The eye and the kidney.
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Why is ultrasound scanning safer to use, in contrast to X-rays?
As it is less ionising and there is less harmful penetrating radiation present.
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Give a use of industrial imaging that ultrasound is used for.
For detecting flaws in metal casing.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do humans use waves for?

Back

To transfer energy and information.

Card 3

Front

What is the direction in which a wave travels?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How does a whole wave move?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Give one example of a transverse wave?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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