waves which oscillate perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer of the wave
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What are longitudinal waves?
waves which oscillate parallel to the direction of energy transfer of the wave
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What waves are transverse?
ripples in water and all EM waves
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What waves and longitudinal?
sound waves in air
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What is meant by the amplitude?
the maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its undisturbed position
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What is meant by the frequency?
the number of waves passing a point per second
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What is meant by wavelength?
the distance from a point on a wave to the equivalent point on the next wave
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How is the period related to frequency?
period= 1/frequency
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How would you calculate wave speed?
wave speed= frequency x wavelength
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What are the patterns of reflection of plane waves in a ripple tank?
they are reflected form a straight barrier at the same angle to the barrier as the incident waves because their speed and wavelength do not change on reflection
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What are the patterns of refraction of plane waves in a ripple tank?
waves at a non-zero angle to the boundary change direction as they cross the boundary
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Are plane waves that cross a boundary between two different materials refracted?
yes, unless they cross the boundary at normal incidence
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How can the behaviour of waves be used to explain refraction?
refraction occurs at a boundary between different materials because the speed and wavelength of the waves changes at the boundary
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What can happen to a wave when it crosses a boundary between two different materials?
waves can be transmitted or absorbed
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What are sound waves?
vibrations that travel through a medium
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How can you investigate waves?
a ripple tank for water waves, a stretched spring for waves in a solid, a signal generator and loudspeaker for sound waves
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What affects the loudness of a musical note?
the loudness of a note increases as the amplitude of sound waves increases
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How are sound waves detected by the ear?
sound waves entering a solid are converted to vibrations and travel through the solid as vibrations which make your ear drum vibrate, so your ear sends signals to your brain
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Why is human hearing limited?
the conversion of sound waves to vibrations in solids only works over a limited frequency range
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What are ultrasound waves?
sound waves with a frequency above 20kHz
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Why can ultrasound waves be used to scan the human body?
ultrasound waves are partly reflected at a boundary between different types of body tissue
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How are ultrasound waves used to measure distances in medicine and industry?
ultrasound waves reflected at boundaries are timed and the timings can be used to calculate distances
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Why is an ultrasound scan safer than an x-ray image?
ultrasound is non-ionising so it is safer than an x-ray
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What are seismic waves?
waves that travel through the earth
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How are seismic waves produced?
they are produced from an earthquake and spread out from the epicentre
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What are primary seismic waves?
longitudinal waves which cause the initial tremors and push or pull on material as they move through the earth
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What are secondary seismic waves?
transverse waves that cause more tremors and move more slowly than p-waves and they shake the material that they pass through inside the earth from side to side
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What information do seismic waves give about the structure of the earth?
the earth has a solid inner core surrounded by a liquid outer core which is surrounded by the mantle which is surrounded by the earth's crust
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are transverse waves?
Back
waves which oscillate perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer of the wave
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