P1 - THE HISTORY OF THE ATOM AND THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE

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DALTON
SUGGESTED ALL LIVING MATTER IS MADE UP OF ATOMS. ATOMS CANNOT BE SPLIT
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JJ THOMSON
PLUM PUDDING MODEL. DISCOVERED ELECTRONS
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PLUM PUDDING MODEL
NEGATIVE ELECTRONS 'CURRENTS', SPREAD THROUGH POSITIVE 'PUDDING'
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ERNEST RUTHERFORD
GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT. DISCOVERED NUCLEUS, ASSUMED IT WAS MADE OF ONLY PROTONS. CAME UP WITH THE NUCLEUER ATOM
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GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT
WITH GEIGER AND MARSDEN. FIRED POSTIVE ALPHA PARTICLES AT AN EXTREMELY THIN SHEET OF GOLD. EXPECTED PARTICLES TO GO STRAIGHT THROUGH WITH SLIGHT DEFLECTION. BUT SOME WERE DEFLECTED STRAIGHT BACK
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NUCLEUR ATOM
MOST OF THE MASS OF THE ATOM CONCENTRATED IN THE TINY POSITIVE NUCLEUS, SURROUNDED BY A 'CLOUD' OF NEGATIVE ELECTRONS. MOST OF THE ATOM EMPTY SPACE
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THE PROBLEM WITH THE 'CLOUD' OF ELECTRONS
ELECTRONS IN A 'CLOUD' AROUND THE NUCLEUS WOULD BE ATTRACTED TO THE NUCLEUS, CAUSING THE ATOM TO COLLAPSE
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NEILS BOHR
DISCOVERED THAT ELECTRONS ORBIT THE NUCLEUS IN SHELLS AT FIXED DISTANCES. HE SAID THAT EACH SHELL HAD A FIXED ENERGY
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JAMES CHADWICK
SOME PARTICLES IN THE NUCLEUS HAVE NO CHARGE. DISCOVERED NEUTRONS
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THE ATOM
MADE UP OF PROTONS NEUTRONS AND ELECTRONS. OTHER THAN THE NUCLEUS, IT'S MOSTLY EMPTY SPACE
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HOW BIG IS THE ATOM?
THE DIAMETER OF AN ATOM IS ROUGHLY 1x10(^-10)m
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THE NUCLEUS
CONTAINS NEUTRONS AND PROTONS. HAS AN OVERALL POSITIVE CHARGE. TINY. ALMOST THE WHOLE MASS OF THE ATOM IS CONCENTRATED HERE
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HOW BIG IS THE NUCLEUS?
THE NUCLEUR RADIUS IS ABOUT 1x10(^-15)m. AROUND 10,000 TIMES SAMLLER THAN THE ATOMIC RADIUS
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THE ELECTRONS
NEGATIVE CHARGE. ORBIT THE NUCLEUS AT FIXED DISTANCES.
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HOW DO YOU FIND THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS?
THE ATOMIC NUMBER
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THE PROTON
POSITIVE CHARGE. INSIDE THE NUCLEUS
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HOW DO YOU FIND THE NUMBER OF PROTONS?
THE ATOMIC NUMBER. SAME AS THE ELECTRONS
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THE NEUTRON
NO OVERALL CHARGE. INSIDE THE NUCLEUS
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HOW DO YOU FIND THE NUMBER OF NEUTRONS?
THE MASS NUMBER TAKE AWAY THE ATOMIC NUMBER
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MOLECULES
ATOMS CAN JOIN TOGETHER TO FORM MOLECULES
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

PLUM PUDDING MODEL. DISCOVERED ELECTRONS

Back

JJ THOMSON

Card 3

Front

NEGATIVE ELECTRONS 'CURRENTS', SPREAD THROUGH POSITIVE 'PUDDING'

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT. DISCOVERED NUCLEUS, ASSUMED IT WAS MADE OF ONLY PROTONS. CAME UP WITH THE NUCLEUER ATOM

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

WITH GEIGER AND MARSDEN. FIRED POSTIVE ALPHA PARTICLES AT AN EXTREMELY THIN SHEET OF GOLD. EXPECTED PARTICLES TO GO STRAIGHT THROUGH WITH SLIGHT DEFLECTION. BUT SOME WERE DEFLECTED STRAIGHT BACK

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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