Solids have a fixed shape and regular pattern. Particles are packed together therefore the particles vibrate more. Particles vibrate much faster around a fixed point.
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Describe the particle movement in a liquid.
In liquids, particles have more space to roam around as they aren't as tightly packed. The particles flow in a liquid.
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Describe the particle movement in a gas.
Particles have a lot more space and no particular pattern;move randomly and quickly.
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Name the changes of state of a solid to liquid, solid to gas and liquid to gas. Do they gain or lose energy?
Solid to liquid=Melting. Solid to gas=Sublimating Liquid to gas=Evaporating. Need the material to gain energy.
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Name the changes of state between a gas to a liquid and a liquid to a solid. Do they lose or gain energy?
Gas to liquid=condensation Liquid to solid= Freezing/Solidifying Material loses energy.
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What type of change are changes of state? Physical or chemical?
Physical change-they are reversible.
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What's the difference between a chemical and physical change?
Chemical changes are irreversible whereas physical changes are reversible.
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What is the kinetic molecular theory?*
An increase in the number of gas particles in the container increases the frequency of collisions with the walls and therefore the pressure of the gas
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Where does evaporation and boiling occur?*
Evaporation: Surface of a liquid only Boiling:Throughout the liquid
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How is energy needed in evaporation?*
Particles on the surface of the liquid gain energy to change state. Takes in energy from the surrounding area.
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How is energy needed in boiling?*
For the substance to reach it's boiling point.
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How is temperature affected in evaporation?*
It does not need to reach it's boiling point-causes cooling.
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How is temperature affected in boiling?*
Temperature remains constant.
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What is the law of conservation?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another.
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What is specific heat capacity?
The amount of energy(J) needed to increase the temperature of a substance by 1°C.
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What is the equation of Specific heat capacity?
E=m x c x θ (E=Energy, m=mass(kg), c=specific heat capacity(J/kg°C), θ=change in temperature(°C))
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What is Specific Latent Heat?
How much heat energy required to melt or boil a substance.
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What is the equation of specific latent heat?
Energy (J) = mass (kg) x Specific latent heat (kJ/kg)
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Pressure in a gas-Example
E.g pressure in a balloon increases with the amount of energy being pumped into it. The n.o of particles increases, resulting in collision. They also collide with the walls of the ballon, producing a force.
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What is pressure measured in?
Pascals (Pa) or N/m^2
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Ways to affect pressure-increase temperature
As you increase the temperature, the pressure increases. Particles gain energy from the heat, causing them to collide and increase the pressure.
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Ways to affect pressure-Decrease volume
As you decrease the volume, the pressure increases due to the packed space. It increases the pressure as the small space produces a force against the walls.
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Ways to affect pressure-More particles in the same volume
The more particles in the same volume, the bigger the risk of collision. Increases pressure and collision of particles.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Describe the particle movement in a liquid.
Back
In liquids, particles have more space to roam around as they aren't as tightly packed. The particles flow in a liquid.
Card 3
Front
Describe the particle movement in a gas.
Back
Card 4
Front
Name the changes of state of a solid to liquid, solid to gas and liquid to gas. Do they gain or lose energy?
Back
Card 5
Front
Name the changes of state between a gas to a liquid and a liquid to a solid. Do they lose or gain energy?
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