A collection of cells that carry out a specific common function.
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Define organ
A collection of tissues that work together to carry out a specific function.
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Where do the xylem and phloem come from?
Dividing meristem cells.
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What is an example of where meristem cells are located?
The cambium.
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What are xylem walls reinforced and waterproofed with?
Deposits of lignin.
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What is xylem tissue well suited to do?
Transport minerals and water up the plant and support the plant.
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What does phloem tissue consist of?
Sieve tube elements and companion cells.
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What do the sieve plates allow?
Movement of materials up or down the tubes.
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What is next to each sieve tube?
A companion cell.
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What are the 4 main categories animal tissues are grouped into?
Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.
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What does epithelial tissue do?
Acts as layers and linings.
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What is the role of connective tissue?
to hold structures together and provide support.
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What is muscle tissue?
Cells specialised to contract and move body parts.
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What does nervous tissue do?
Cells that convert stimuli to electrical impulses and conduct those impulses.
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What is squamous epithelial tissue made up of and what is an advantage of it?
Made up of cells that are flattened and very thin. Provides short diffusion distance for exchange of O2 and CO2.
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What are squamous cells held in place by and what is this made of?
Held in place by the basement membrane. Made of collagen and glycoproteins.
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What is ciliated epithelial tissue made of?
Column-shaped cells.
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Where is this ciliated epithelial tissue often found?
Inner surface of tubes e.g. trachea, bronchi, bronchioles.
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What is required for photosynthesis (4)
Light, water supply, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll.
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How is the upper surface adapted for photosynthesis?
Transparent upper surface layer (the upper epidermis) lets light through.
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How are cylindrical palisade cells an adaptation?
They are packed with chloroplasts containing chlorophyll.
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How does the spongy mesophyll help photosynthesis?
Has lots of air gaps to allow circulation of gases.
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What do the stomata allow?
Allow gases to be exchanged between the leaf and outside air. Have 2 guard cells that swell to open the pore.
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How does the leaf vein system aid photosynthesis?
Contains xylem and phloem to support the leaf and carry transport tissues.
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What is the role of guard cells?
Appear in pairs on lower epidermis. Contain chloroplasts and cell wall contains cellulose.
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What happens when water moves into the guard cells?
They become turgid, but only the outer walls stretch. Guard cells bulge so the stomata opens between them.
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What is locomotion?
muscular and skeletal systems work together in order for movement. Muscles and nerves use energy as they work and require supply of nutrients and oxygen.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Define organ
Back
A collection of tissues that work together to carry out a specific function.
Card 3
Front
Where do the xylem and phloem come from?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is an example of where meristem cells are located?
Back
Card 5
Front
What are xylem walls reinforced and waterproofed with?
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