B4: Organising Animals and Plants 4.1 - 4.3

  1. How substances are transported to and from the cells, that blood is made up of many different components, the functions of each main component of blood.
  2. How blood flows around the body, that there are many different types of blood vessels, why valves are important, the importance of a double circulatory system.
  3. The structure and functions of the heart, ways of solving problems with the blood supply to the heart and problems with valves.
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  • Created by: prodbytee
  • Created on: 21-05-20 18:02
What makes up the human circulatory system and what does it transport ?
The blood, blood vessels and the heart. It transports substances to and from the body cells.
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What is suspended in the blood plasma and what does it transport ?
Plasma has blood cells suspended in it. It transports proteins and other chemicals around the body.
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How do red blood cells transport oxygen from the lung to the tissues ?
The red blood cells contain a red protein, haemoglobin that binds to oxygen to transport it.
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How do white blood cells help to protect the body against infection ?
Lymphocytes form antibodies against microorganisms. Some form antitoxins against poisons made by microorganisms. Phagocytes engulf and digest invading bacteria and viruses.
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How do platelets start the clotting process at wound sites ?
Enzymes convert fibrinogen into fibrin producing a network of protein fibres, capturing red blood cells and platelets. The jelly-like clot dries and hardens to form a scab. New growing skin is protected and bacteria are prevented.
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What are blood vessels ? Name three.
Blood flows around the body in blood vessels. The main types are arteries, veins and capillaries.
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How do substances diffuse in and out of the blood ?
Capillaries form a huge network of tiny vessels with thin walls and narrow lumens. Substances like oxygen and glucose easily diffuse from the blood to the cells, while products such as carbon dioxide pass through the capillary wall into the blood.
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What is the purpose of the valves ?
The valves prevent backflow, ensuring that blood flows in the right direction.
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Why do humans have a double circulatory system ?
Fully oxygenated blood returns to the heart from the lungs. Fully oxygenated blood can be sent off to different body parts at high pressure more efficiently.
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What supplies the muscular heart walls with oxygen ?
The muscle is supplied with oxygen by the coronary arteries.
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What are the atria and ventricles?
The atria are the top chambers of the heart, while the ventricles are lower.
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Describe the circulation of blood through the heart.
Deoxygenated blood in vena cava -> right atrium, oxygenated blood from PV -> left atrium. Atria contract simultaneously forcing blood into ventricles. Valves close to stop backflow. Ventricles contract and force blood out through aorta and PA.
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How can stents be used in coronary heart disease patients ?
Stents can be used to keep narrowed or blocked arteries open.
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Why might cardiovascular disease patients be prescribed statins ?
Statins reduce blood cholesterol levels and slow down the rate at which fatty material is deposited in the coronary arteries.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is suspended in the blood plasma and what does it transport ?

Back

Plasma has blood cells suspended in it. It transports proteins and other chemicals around the body.

Card 3

Front

How do red blood cells transport oxygen from the lung to the tissues ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How do white blood cells help to protect the body against infection ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How do platelets start the clotting process at wound sites ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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