1) Add a few drops of bromine water and skake 2) Colourless solution forms in the presence of alkenes
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Test for chloroalkanes
1) Add aqueous sodium hydroxide and heat 2) Add dilute nitric acid followed by aqueous silver nitrate 3) White ppt indicates presence of Cl- 4) Cl- is soluble in dilute ammonia
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Test for bromoalkanes
1) Add aqueous sodium hydroxide and heat 2) Add dilute nitric acid followed by aqueous silver nitrate 3) Cream ppt indicates presence of Br- 4) Br- is soluble in conc. ammonia
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Test for iodoalkanes
1) Add aqueous sodium hydroxide and heat 2) Add dilute nitric acid followed by aqueous silver nitrate 3) Yellow ppt indicates presence of I- 4) I- is insoluble in ammonia
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Test for adelhydes
1) Add Tollens reagent and heat 2) Silver mirror indicates the presence of an aldehyde
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Test for aldehydes
1) Add Fehling's solution and heat 2) Brick-red ppt indicates the presence of an aldehyde
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Test for carboxylic acids
1) Add sodium carbonate solution 2) Effervescence forms in the presence of a carboxylic acid 3) Bubble the gas through limewater 4) Limewater turns cloudy indicating presence of CO2
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Test for acyl chlorides
1) Slowly add water 2) White misty fumes indicates the presence of an acyl chloride
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Test for amines
1) Add universal indicator 2) Blue/ purple colour indicates presence of amines (also has a fishy smell)
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Test for alcohols
1) Add ethanoic acid 2) Add sulphuric acid and heat 3) Smells sweet and fruity
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Test for primary alcohols
1) Add potassium dichromate and dilute sulphuric acid 2) Warm gently 3) Green solution forms in presence of primary or secondary alcohol 4) Add Fehling's solution and heat 5) Brick-red ppt indicates presence of primary alcohol
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Test for secondary alcohol
1) Add potassium dichromate and dilute sulphuric acid 2) Warm gently 3) Green solution forms in the presence of primary or secondary alcohols 4) Add Fehling's solution and heat 5) No ppt forms in presence of secondary alcohol
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Test for tertiary alcohol
1) Add potassium dichromate and dilute sulphuric acid 2) Warm gently 3) Solution remains orange indicating presence of tertiary alcohol
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Test for chloroalkanes
Back
1) Add aqueous sodium hydroxide and heat 2) Add dilute nitric acid followed by aqueous silver nitrate 3) White ppt indicates presence of Cl- 4) Cl- is soluble in dilute ammonia
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