Organic Analysis

Distinguishing between organic compounds

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Test for alkenes
Alkenes decolorise bromine water as they undergo electrophilic addition
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Test for haloalkanes
Dilute NaOH - nucleophilic subsitution occurs and halide ions produced. heat, then add dilute nitroc acid and aq silver nitrate. white soluble in ammonia = chloroalkane; cream soluble in conc ammonia = bromoalkane; yellow insoluble = iodoalkane
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Test for aldehydes
Fehlings = brick-red precipitate. Tollens = silver mirror
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Test for carboxylic acids
Add sodium carbonate, effervence and gas turns limewater milky = acid. (forms carbon dioxide)
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Test for acyl chlorides
Add water - white misty fumes
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Test for amines
Universal indicator - blue/purple and fishy smell
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Test for alcohols
Carboxylic acid and sulphuric acid to make esters - sweet and fruity smell
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Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols
potassium dichromate and dilute sulphuric acid and warm. green = primary or secondary. not green = teriary. Add tollens or Fehlings to distinguish between secondary and primary
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Dilute NaOH - nucleophilic subsitution occurs and halide ions produced. heat, then add dilute nitroc acid and aq silver nitrate. white soluble in ammonia = chloroalkane; cream soluble in conc ammonia = bromoalkane; yellow insoluble = iodoalkane

Back

Test for haloalkanes

Card 3

Front

Fehlings = brick-red precipitate. Tollens = silver mirror

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Add sodium carbonate, effervence and gas turns limewater milky = acid. (forms carbon dioxide)

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Add water - white misty fumes

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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