Organic chemistry key definitions 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryOrganic chemistryASOCR Created by: sesamesnapsCreated on: 02-05-14 11:25 Nomenclature System for naming compounds 1 of 32 Unsaturated hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond 2 of 32 Homologous series An organic series with the same functional group but with each member differing by CH2 3 of 32 Functional group Part of an organic molecule responsible for its chemical properties 4 of 32 Alkane The homologous series without any double bonds with the general formula CnH2n+2 5 of 32 Alkene The homologous series with a double bond with the general formula CnH2n 6 of 32 Displayed formula Shows relative positions of all atoms in a molecule with bonds between them 7 of 32 Structural formula Shows minimal detail of the arrangement of atoms in a molecule. 8 of 32 Skeletal formula Formula with hydrogen's removed and only the bonds between carbon atoms shown, not the atoms themselves. 9 of 32 Structural isomers Isomers with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula 10 of 32 Positional isomerism A type of structural isomerism. When a functional group is on a different numbered carbon. 11 of 32 Chain isomerism A type of structural isomerism. When branches occur in a chain. 12 of 32 Stereoisomers Isomers with the same structural formula but a different arrangement in space. 13 of 32 E/Z isomerism A type of stereoisomerism. Double bond stops rotation and different groups on the carbons of this double bond. 14 of 32 Homolytic Fission When a covalent bond breaks giving an electron to each atom creating 2 radicals. 15 of 32 Hetrolytic fission When a covalent bond breaks giving both electrons to one atom creating one positive and one negative ion. 16 of 32 Radical A species with an unpaired electron. 17 of 32 Nucleophile (nucleus loving) an electron pair donator 18 of 32 Electrophile (electron loving) an electron pair acceptor 19 of 32 Addition reaction When a species ADDS to another species. Needs a double bond. 20 of 32 Substitution reaction When a species REPLACES another species in a reaction. 21 of 32 Elimination reaction When a molecule is removed from another molecule forming a double bond. 22 of 32 Nucleophile substitution When a nucleophile replaces a halogen. 23 of 32 Free radical substitution When a halogen replaces a hydrogen in 3 steps: initiation, propagation, termination. 24 of 32 Electrophilic addition When a species adds across a double bond. 25 of 32 Fractional Distillation When crude oil is split into its components by their boiling points. 26 of 32 Cracking When a long chain alkane is split into a shorter alkane and an alkene. 27 of 32 Combustion When a compund is burnt completely in excess oxygen forming carbon dioxide and water. 28 of 32 Incomplete conbustion When a compound is burnt in oxygen to form carbon or carbon monoxide and water. 29 of 32 Pi-bond Formed by the sideways overlap of adjacent p-orbitals (use diagram) 30 of 32 Polymer Long chain of monomers 31 of 32 Monomer Small monomer, usually an alkene, used to build up a ploymer. 32 of 32
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