Organic chemistry key words year 1 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryOrganic chemistryASOCR Created by: Kyra MullarneyCreated on: 10-04-19 15:59 Addition polymerisation Formation of a very long molecular chain by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated monomers 1 of 34 Addition reaction A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make one saturated molecule 2 of 34 Alicyclic Containing carbon atoms joined together in a ring that is not aromatic - does not contain benzene 3 of 34 Aliphatic Containing carbon atoms joined together in unbranched or branched chains 4 of 34 Alkanes The hydrocarbon homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+2 5 of 34 Alkenes Hydrocarbon homologous series with one C=C bond and the general formula CnH2n 6 of 34 Aromatic Containing one or more benzene rings 7 of 34 Carbocation An ion that contains a positively charged carbon atom 8 of 34 Cis-trans isomerism A type of E/Z isomerism in which there are two non-hydrogen and two hydrogen groups around the C=C bond 9 of 34 E/Z isomerism A type of stereoisomerism in which different groups attached to each carbon of a C=C bond may be arranged differently in space 10 of 34 Electrophile An atom or group of atoms that is attracted to an electron rich centre, where it accepts a pair of electrons 11 of 34 Electrophilic addition An addition reaction in which the first step is attack by an electrophile on a region of high electron density 12 of 34 Elimination reaction The removal of a molecule from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule 13 of 34 Fingerprint region An area of an infrared spectrum below 1500cm-1 that gives a characteristic pattern for different compounds 14 of 34 Fractional distillation The separation of components in a liquid mixture by their different boiling points into fractions with different compositions 15 of 34 Fragment ions Ions formed from the breakdown of the molecular ion in a mass spectrometer 16 of 34 Fragmentation The process in mass spectrometry that causes a positive ion to split into smaller pieces 17 of 34 Functional group The part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions 18 of 34 Heterolytic fission The breaking of a covalent bond forming a cation and an anion 19 of 34 Homologous series A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2 20 of 34 Homolytic fission The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom forming two radicals 21 of 34 Initiation The first stage in a radical reaction in which radicals start when when a covalent bond is broken by homolytic fission 22 of 34 Intermediate A species formed during a reaction that reacts further and is not present in the final products 23 of 34 Molecular ion The positive ion formed in mass spectrometry when a molecule loses an electron 24 of 34 Monomer A small molecule that combines with many other monomers to form a polymer 25 of 34 Nucleophile An atom or group of atoms that is attracted to an electron deficient carbon atom where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond 26 of 34 Nucleophilic substitution A reaction in which a nucleophile is attracted to an electron deficient carbon atom and replaces an atom or group of atoms 27 of 34 Polymer A large molecule formed from many thousands of repeat units known as monomers 28 of 34 Propagation The steps that continue a free radical reaction, in which a new radical reacts with a reactant molecule to form a new molecule and another radical 29 of 34 Radical A species with an unpaired electron 30 of 34 Reaction mechanism The sequence of bond breaking and bond forming steps that shows the path taken by electrons during a reaction 31 of 34 Reflux The continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture back to the original container 32 of 34 Stereoisomers Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement if the atoms in space 33 of 34 Termination The step at the end of a radical substitution when two radicals combine to form a molecule 34 of 34
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