Organic chemistry

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What is the general formula for an alkane?
cn+h2n+2
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Define Homologous series?
Compounds with the same functional group but differ by repeating units
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What is the shape of an alkane?
Tetrahedral
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What is the bond angle of an alkane?
109.5
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?Define structural isomerism
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
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Define stereo/geometric isomerism?
Molecules with different 3D arrangements of groups in space if a double carbon bond is present this is an e/z/cis/trans isomer.
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What are the properties of Alkanes
Low MP/BP, Stable doesn't react with much other than combustion, Cyclic alkanes have alkene formula
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What is the general formula for an alkene
CnH2n
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Define structural formula
The arrangement of the atoms in the molecule and the bonds between them.
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What causes structural isomers
Free rotation around the single carbon bond
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Why does boiling point increase as chains get larger in alkanes?
As the chain gets longer the number of electrons increase, the strength of induced dipoles also increases when boiled the forces need to be overcome which requires more energy therefore higher MP/BP
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Why do branched isomers have lower BP
Less points of contact which results in less intermolecular forces to be overcame
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Define rehybridisation in carbon
Moving of an electron from the 2s orbital to the 2p orbital creating new symmetry
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What is an electrophile
A species which is electron deficient which attacks an area of high electron density
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Define Nucleophile
A species which is electron rich which attacks an area of electron deficiency.
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Why are alkenes more reactive than Alkanes
Alkene has a carbon double bond which is a region of high electron density
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What are the conditions needed for Hydrogenation
140 degrees celsius with a nickel catalyst
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How to define the most stable cation
the one with the most carbon carbon bonds
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define Homologous series?

Back

Compounds with the same functional group but differ by repeating units

Card 3

Front

What is the shape of an alkane?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the bond angle of an alkane?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

?Define structural isomerism

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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