opposition in wartime

?
Provide examples of how the war may have caused opposition, lack of support and skepticism of the Hitler myth?
Allied bombing, rationing, military defeats, casualties, war time economy
1 of 73
Give 3 reasons of why resistance was limited
No opposition organisations (eg TU, poltical parties), police state and survalliance, lack of loyalty to the Nazi's was viewed as unpatriotic/risk of defeat
2 of 73
Working Class youth
.....
3 of 73
Where were the Edelweiss Pirates?
Ruhr and Rhineland
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What were the ages of Edelweiss pirates?
14-18
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What 2 main things were they against?
Hitler Youth and conscription
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In 1944 when they became a linked, underground group what happened?
Helped Army deserters, escaped prisoners of war, concentration camps, obtained supplies from attacking military deports and causing chaos with bombing and destruction
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What happened to the group?
many arrested and sent to Labour camps
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What happened to the leaders in 1944?
Arrested and in 1944 leaders of the Cologne group were publically hanged
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Middle-Class youth
......
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Name the group which were less political and wanted a good time
Swing youth group
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In what ways did the Swing group place themselves in cultural opposition to the regime?
Listened to '***** music', American Jazz and wore English style clothes
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Where did swing groups operate?
Hamburg, Dresden ect
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What did Nazi's see them as?
Example of the sleaziness of a degenerate youth
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What did the regime want to do with the leaders?
Send them to a concentration camp for 2-3 years
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What group was more political and based in Munich?
White rose
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Who led the White rose group?
Hans and Sophie Scholl
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Who did they appeal to and what were they influenced by?
The middle-class audience, Catholic theologians who promoted individual freedoms
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What was white roses resistance 1942-1943?
Attacking Nazi treatment of Jews and minorities in Pamphlets distributed in Munich
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In 1943 the White Rose group became bolder, give an example
Writing 'Hitler: mass murder on buildings
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What happened to the leaders of the group?
caught by the Gestapo and executed
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Catholic Church
..........
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What did the catholic church support?
The war including the Russian invasion 1941
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Who was left to raise concern showing that Nazi position was strong because catholic church wanted to protect itself?
Individual churchmen
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When did Von Galen speak out condemning the Euthanasia programme killing mentally ill and disabled which made the programme halt?
3rd August 1940
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Who spoke out against the killing of POW?
Archbishop Frings of Cologne
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Who spoke out go persecuted by the regime?
Galen wasn't, but other priests who spoke out and distributed his sermon were
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The Protestant Church
.......
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Name the only Christian body to protest publically about the treatment of Jews?
The Protestant Confessional Church of Prussia
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When was a statement read from the Pulpits of Prussian Churches?
1943
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Who called for wider Christian resistance for the treatment of Jews and had criticized the regime since 1933?
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
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When was he banned from public speaking, arrested and executed?
1940, 1943, 1945
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Communist opposition
......
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Why did the Nazi-soviet Pact undermine communist resistance?
The KPD struggled to justify this agreement
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What galvanised the communist oppostion to the reguime
The invasion of the USSR 1941
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How many underground cells did the KPD have in Berlin?
89, others in Hamburg and elsewhere
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Name an example of how they spread ideas?
through Leaflets
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How many of the cells had been destroyed by the Gestapo in Berlin by 1943?
22
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Why had the movement lost momentum and had no chance of gaining support?
seen by most of the population as the political enemy
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Elites
.........
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Who formed the Kreisau circle?
Von Moltke (a Prussian Junker)
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When was the Kreisau Circle formed?
1940
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Who formed the secret group?
Lawyers, SPD politicians, Churchmen, Including Bonheoffer
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What did the Kreisau circle stand for?
Personal freedom and individual responsibility did not believe in violent resistance but were opposed to the regime
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How many meetings did they have until they were broken up by the Gestapo and where were the meetings held?
3 meetings (1942-43), Moltkes house
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When did Von Moltke get arrested by the Gestapo and when did he get executed?
January 1944, Jan 1945
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Army and Assassination Attempts
..........
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Who had been involved a plot to kill Hitler in 1938?
General Beck and 2 other officers
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Who did they try pressure pressure to arrest Hitler?
Senoir Genenerla s
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Who did Beck have links to?
Brtish Government and Boehaffer from KC
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Because none of these efforts worked what did they decide to do?
Assassinate Hitler in 1943
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When was the first assassination attempt made?
March 1943 when a bomb was placed on Hitlers Plane
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What happened to the March 1943 bet?
It failed to explode
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Although the plot wasn't discovered then, what showed that the Gestapo was getting close?
The arrest of Bonhoeffer and members of the Kreisau circle April 1943
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Who joined Beck's group in 1943?
Von Stauffenberg
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When did Von Stauffenberg Plant the Bomb in Hitler's headquarters in East Prussia?
July 1944
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What was the result of the July Bomb Plot?
It exploded but Hitler received Minor injuries
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What was the military Coup that planned to take over Berlin and assassinate Hitler?
Operation Valkyrie
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What was the plan if Operation Valkyrie was successful?
Establish a provisional Government consisting of conservatives, centrists, SPD, non-party representatives which would try and negotiate for peace
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Why did the plan not materialise?
confusion over control of radio stations
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After Operation Valkyrie what were Nazis do?
A broadcast by Hitler to prove he was alive and the plot was failed, Himmler was placed in charge of rounded enough rounding up the conspirators
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How many people were arrested?
7000
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How many were executed?
5746
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What did Operation Valkyrie lead to the Army having?
Lost independence and placed in under the control of the **
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Did the plot get much support from ordinary Germans?
No, they were the old unpopular elite
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What do SD reports show?
people were relieved it failed
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What happened to Beck and Stauffenberg?
Beck committed suicide and Stauffenberg Shot - seen as traitors
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Judgement
......
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What happened to opposition as the WW progressed ?
It increased
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Who showed low levels of resistance but did get more political and public?
Youth and church
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What happened after Starlingrad 1942?
Army and elites began to plot to remove Hitler from Power
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Why was the regime not strongly opposed?
opposition was Small in numbers and ineffective
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Why did the wider general public remain loyal to the regime?
Fear, a sense of patriotism and loyalty to the war effort
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Give 3 reasons of why resistance was limited

Back

No opposition organisations (eg TU, poltical parties), police state and survalliance, lack of loyalty to the Nazi's was viewed as unpatriotic/risk of defeat

Card 3

Front

Working Class youth

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where were the Edelweiss Pirates?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What were the ages of Edelweiss pirates?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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