One Step Nucleic Acid Amplification

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Molecular Photocopying
Amplify- copy- small segments of DNA
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Uses of PCR
DNA fingerprinting, detection of bacteria and viruses and diagnosis of genetic disorders.
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Denaturing
When the double-stranded template DNA is heated to separate it into two single strands.
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Annealing
When the temperature is lowered to enable the DNA primers to attach to the template DNA.
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Extending
When the temperature is raised and the new strand of DNA is made by the Taq polymerase enzyme
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PCR Cycle
Denaturing and synthesising of new DNA. Automated and completed in just a few hours, in a thermocycler which alters the temperature every few minutes to allow DNA processes
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Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Technology to amplify and detect them. As the template is RNA sample, in addition to the reagents of DNA amplification, reverse transcriptase is added to the reaction mixture. Constant temperature between 60-65°C
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Axillary Lymph Node Clearance
Removal of all the lymph nodes and possible tumour containing tissue from the axilla (armpit)
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Risks of Axillary Lymph Node Clearance
Morbidity, loss of mobility, lymphonedema of area
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Macrometastases
>5000 copies per ul
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Micrometases
250-5000 copies per ul
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Negative
<250 copies per ul
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Benefits of Axillary Lymph Node Clearance
Negative results - no action; postive results- removal; shorter stay in hospital; no returns; better prognosis; reduced incidences; trails with other diseases.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

DNA fingerprinting, detection of bacteria and viruses and diagnosis of genetic disorders.

Back

Uses of PCR

Card 3

Front

When the double-stranded template DNA is heated to separate it into two single strands.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

When the temperature is lowered to enable the DNA primers to attach to the template DNA.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

When the temperature is raised and the new strand of DNA is made by the Taq polymerase enzyme

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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