OCR SALTERS CHEMISTRY B: Bonding, Structure and Properties

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  • Created on: 08-01-14 19:57
What substances have an ionic structure?
Compounds of metals with non-metals such as sodium chloride and calcium oxide
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What substances have a covalent network structure?
Some elements in Group 4 and some of their compounds such as diamond, graphite and silica
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What substances have a metallic structure?
Metals such as sodium, copper and iron
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What substances have a simple molecular structure?
Some non-metal elements and some non-metal/non-metal compounds such as carbon dioxide, chlorine and water
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What substances have macromolecular structures?
Polymers such as polyethene, nylon, proteins and DNA
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What type of particles do ionic structures have?
Ions
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What type of particles do covalent network structures have?
Atoms
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What type of particles do metallic structures contain?
Positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons
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What type of particles do simple molecule structures have?
Small molecules
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What type of particles do macromolecular structures have?
Long-chain molecules
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How are the particles bonded together in ionic structures?
Strong, ionic bonds; attraction between oppositely charged ions
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How are the particles bonded together in covalent network structures?
Strong, covalent bonds; attraction of atoms' nuclei for shared electrons
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How are the particles bonded together in metallic structures?
Strong, metallic bonding; attraction of atoms' nuclei for delocalised electrons
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How are the particles bonded together in simple molecular structures?
Weak intermolecular bonds between molecules; strong covalent bonds between the atoms with molecules
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How are the particles bonded together in macromolecular structures?
Weak intermolecular bonds between molecules; strong covalent bonds between the atoms within molecules
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What are the melting and boiling points for ionic structures?
High
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What are the melting and boiling points for covalent network structures?
Very high
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What are the melting and boiling points for metallic structures?
Generally high (except mercury)
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What are the melting and boiling points for simple molecule structures?
Low
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What are the melting and boiling points for macromolecular structures?
Moderate - often decompose on heating
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What is the hardness of ionic structures?
Hard but brittle
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What is the hardness of covalent network structures?
Very hard (if three dimensional)
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What is the hardness of metallic structures?
Hard but malleable (except mercury)
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What is the hardness of simple molecular structures?
Soft
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What is the hardness of macromolecular structures?
Variable; many are soft but often flexible
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What is the electrical conductivity like of ionic structures?
Electrolytes - conduct when molten or dissolved in water
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What is the electrical conductivity like of covalent network structures?
Do not normally conduct (except graphite)
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What is the electrical conductivity like of metallic structures?
Conduct when solid or liquid
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What is the electrical conductivity like of simple molecular structures?
Do not conduct
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What is the electrical conductivity like of macromolecular structures?
Do not normally conduct
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Are ionic structures soluble in water?
Often soluble
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Are covalent network structures soluble in water?
Insoluble
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Are metallic structures soluble in water?
Insoluble (but some react)
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Are simple molecular structures soluble in water?
Usually insoluble, unless molecules contain groups which can hydrogen bond with water
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Are macromolecular structures soluble in water?
Usually insoluble
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Are ionic structures soluble in non-polar solvents?
Insoluble
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Are covalent network structures soluble in non-polar solvents?
Insoluble
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Are metallic network structures soluble in non-polar solvents?
Insoluble
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Are simple molecular structures soluble in non-polar solvents?
Usually soluble
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Are macromolecular structures soluble in non-polar solvents?
Sometimes soluble
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What substances have a covalent network structure?

Back

Some elements in Group 4 and some of their compounds such as diamond, graphite and silica

Card 3

Front

What substances have a metallic structure?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What substances have a simple molecular structure?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What substances have macromolecular structures?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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