What are the 3 different types of plant chemical defences?
1. Alkaloids - make plants taste bitter to deter herbivores 2. Pheromones - released from one plant to affect another 3. Tannins - toxic to microorganisms and makes leaf taste unpleasant
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What are the 5 types of plant responses?
1. Tropism (directional growth) 2. Phototropism (shoot grows towards light) 3. Geotropism (roots grow towards the pull of gravity) 4. Chemotropism (occurs on flowers, growth attracted by chemicals) 5. Thigmotropism (shoots out of climbing plants)
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What is the nastic response?
A non-directional response to stimuli
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Auxins
1. Responsible for regulating plant growth 2. Inhibits growth of side shoots 3. Inhibits leaf abcission 4. Cell elongation
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Cytokinins
1. Promote cell division
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Gibberellins
1. Promotes seed germination 2. Promotes growth of stems
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Abscisic Acid
1. Inhibits seed germination 2. Causes stromal closure when the plant is water stressed
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Ethene
1. Promotes foot ripening
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How does phototropism occur?
1. Shoot bends towards light source 2. Shaded side elongates faster than lit side 3. Light causes cells to actively unload IAA 4. Unloaded from cells in light, towards those in shade 5. Causes shoot to bend
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What are the uses of auxin?
1. Used as rooting powder for cuttings 2. Can promote growth of seedless fruit in unpollinated flowers 3. Artificial auxins can be used as herbicides 4. Promote and inhibit fruit drop
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What are the uses of gibberellins?
1. Fruit production (makes fruit last longer in shops & delays senescence) 2. Brewing 3. Sugar production 4. Breeding
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What are the uses of cytokinins?
1. Delay leaf senescence preventing yellowing of lettuce leaves 2. Helps mass produce plants
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What are the uses of ethene?
1. Speeds up ripening fruit 2. Ethene can be inhibited to prevent fruit ripening
Describe the synaptic transmission across a neuromuscular junction
1. Action potential travels down axon to motor neurone 2. Voltage gated calcium ion channels open & calcium ions diffuse into terminal 3. This causes synaptic vesicles to release acetyl chloline 4. ACh diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to
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continued...
receptors 5. Sodium ion channels open allowing sodium ions to enter muscle fibre 6. Entry of sodium ions causes depolarisation of sarcolemma 7. Wave of depolarisation spreads along sarcolemma and down tubles stimulating muscle contraction
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the 5 types of plant responses?
Back
1. Tropism (directional growth) 2. Phototropism (shoot grows towards light) 3. Geotropism (roots grow towards the pull of gravity) 4. Chemotropism (occurs on flowers, growth attracted by chemicals) 5. Thigmotropism (shoots out of climbing plants)
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