Occipital and Temporal lobes

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What is the processing visual information by the brain structure?
Hierarchical
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What happens at the stages of information processing?
There is functional differentiation with different neuron types or different brain regions processing different properties of visual stimuli
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What are the simple features visual information processing?
Light intensity and wavelength, 2D position in the visual field, combination and elaboration, complex visual representation for perception and memory, surface texture/colour, spatial relationships and movement
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What is visual processing in the extrastriate cortex?
Neurons in extrastriate cortex signal global properties of visual scenes and objects rather than component properties
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What does the perceived colour of an object depend on?
Not only wavelength reflected by the object but also wavelength reflected by surroundings
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What does the perceived colour of object not do?
Change when viewed during the sunset
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Some neurons are what?
V4 colour sensitive (respond to wavelengths in the centre of their receptive field, depending on the wavelengths reflected from the background
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However what are neurons in the primary visual pathway and V2 neurons sensitive to?
Wavelength sensitive
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What do V5 neurons do?
Combine the motion of a square moving
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What are the two visual information processing streams that V1 information processing seems to be?
Dorsal streams and Ventral streams
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Where do dorsal streams end?
Posterior parietal lobe
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What is the dorsal stream?
Visuo- spatial (where)/ visuo- motor (How)
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What is the ventral stream ?
Object analysis
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What is the inferior temporal lobe lesion?
In monkeys impair object discrimination/recognition but not object location (where)
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What do prosterior parietal lobe lesions lead to?
Impair object location but not discrimination
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What did Milner and Goodale propose?
Ventral stream processes visual information for object (what) where as dorsal stream processes visual information for visuo-spatially guided action (how)
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What do patients with occipito-temporal brain damage show?
Severe forms of visual agnosia (deficits in aspects of visual perception) but intact visually guided actions
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What do patients with posterior parietal lobe lesions show?
Optic ataxia (deficits in visually guided reaching) otherwise relatively intact visual function
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What did Patient DF have?
Extensive bilateral ventral stream lesions has profund visual agnosia but shows intact visually guided reaching
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What can DF act on?
Visual stimulus but is unable to make perceptual judgement
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What does the inferior temporal cortex receive?
Inputs from extrastriate cortex and forms the final stage in the visual processing hierarchy of the ventral stream
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What do neurons in the inerior cortex do?
Respond to very selectively specific shapes and objects
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What can these responses show?
Invariance to changes in size, orientation and other properties
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For example?
The neuron recognises objects regardless of viewpoint
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What can sustained activity in absence of visual objects reflect?
Short object memory
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What do neurons in the inferior temoral show?
highly selective responses to individual faces, neurons can discriminate between different stimuli, highly selective properties have been compared to those of grandmother neurons
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What is meant by grandmother neurons?
You might have neurons that fire when you see your grandmother
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Where is the Medial temporal lobe situated in the visual processing hierarchy?
Combining inputs from ventra and dorsal stream, receives additional input from other sensory modalities
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What does this elaborate on?
Visual representation further and to generate multimodal representations
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What is complex?
Spatial representations, requiring the encoding of relations between visual stimuli
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What is can the MTL use?
Representation of experience (episodic memory) and facts(semantic memory)
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What did hippocampal lesions in rats lead to?
They couldnt swim to find the exit in the water maze
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What are place cells?
In hippocampus and only fire when in a particular area regardless of where the animal looks
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What happens to epilepsy patients?
They have electrodes implanted into the brain to see where the seizure is coming from, the neuron will always fire when being in a specific locations
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For example, the experiment with oprah winfrey shows?
That there are certain neurons that fire for a particular person, such as Oprah
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What happens at the stages of information processing?

Back

There is functional differentiation with different neuron types or different brain regions processing different properties of visual stimuli

Card 3

Front

What are the simple features visual information processing?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is visual processing in the extrastriate cortex?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does the perceived colour of an object depend on?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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