observations 3.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings ? PsychologyResearch methods and techniquesASAQA Created by: xopriyaCreated on: 07-12-18 16:45 what is an observation? a way of seeing or listening to what people do without having to ask them 1 of 29 advantage of observations can capture unexpected behaviour- people often act differently from how they say they will in self-report methods. 2 of 29 disadvantage of observations risk of observer bias- researcher's interpretation of the situation may be affected by expectations. 3 of 29 what is a naturalistic observation? it takes place where they target behaviour would normally occur. 4 of 29 advantage of naturalistic observation high external validity-more generalisable to everyday life 5 of 29 disadvantage of naturalistic observation low control- more be uncontrolled extraneous variables 6 of 29 what is a controlled observation? where there is some control/manipulation of variables including control of extraneous variables 7 of 29 advantage of controlled observation can be replicated- more easily replicated due to standardised procedures 8 of 29 disadvantage of controlled observation may have low external validity- findings cannot not applied to everyday experience 9 of 29 what is a covert observation? where participants are unaware they are being studied 10 of 29 advantage of covert observation demand characteristics reduced- increases the validity of the findings 11 of 29 disadvantage of covert observation ethically questionable- people may not want behaviour recorded 12 of 29 what is an overt observation? where participants are aware of being studied 13 of 29 advantage of overt observation more ethically acceptable- they have given consent to be studied 14 of 29 disadvantage of overt observation demand characteristics- reduces the validity of the findings 15 of 29 what is a participant observation? when the researcher becomes part of the group they are studying 16 of 29 advantage of participant observation can lead to greater insight- this enhances the validity of the findings 17 of 29 disadvantage of participant observation possible loss of objectivity- researcher may identify too strongly with those they are studying which threatens the validity 18 of 29 what is a non-participant observation when the researcher remains separate from the group 19 of 29 advantage of non-participant observation more objective- may increase validity of the findings 20 of 29 disadvantage of non-participant observation loss of insight- may reduce the validity of the findings 21 of 29 what are behavioural categories the target behaviour to be observed should be broken up into a set of observable categories. 22 of 29 2 disadvantages of behavioural categories difficult to make clear and ambiguous / dustbin categories- some behaviours go unrecorded 23 of 29 what is time sampling when observations are made at regular intervals 24 of 29 advantage of time sampling reduces the number of observations- more structured and systematic 25 of 29 disadvantage of time sampling may be unrepresentative- may not reflect the whole behaviour 26 of 29 what is event sampling? when a target behaviour/event is recorded every time it occurs 27 of 29 advantage of event sampling may record infrequent behaviour- may be otherwise missed 28 of 29 disadvantage of event sampling complex behaviour oversimplified- may affect the validity of the findings 29 of 29
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