chemical substances found in food which are used by the human body
1 of 24
Why are some nutrients non-essential?
Another nutrient can be used instead, or because they can be made by the body using another nutrient
2 of 24
Give an example of a non essential nutrient and explain why.
Carbohydrates because lipids can be used for respiration instead
3 of 24
What are Vitamins?
chemically diverse carbon compounds that cannot be synthesised by the body
4 of 24
Name a conditionally essential nutrient. Why is it conditionally essential?
Vitamin K is produced by symbiotic bacteria in the intestine. Infants do not have these at birth, so need to source vitamin K differently
5 of 24
Which vitamins are fat soluble?
A, E, D, K
6 of 24
Which vitamins are water soluble?
B (1-3, 5-7, 9, 12)
7 of 24
What are dietary minerals?
inorganic essential chemical elements
8 of 24
What is the result of iodine deficiency?
Thyroxin, a hormone which controls metabolism, is not produced at a sufficient rate, resulting in weight gain, tiredness and mood swings
9 of 24
Why does scurvy affect the gums, bones, skin, teeth and hair?
Vitamin C contributes to the formation of collagen
10 of 24
Define Malnutrition
deficiency, imbalance or excess in one or more essential nutrients resulting in physiological consequences
11 of 24
What can cause malnutrition? (5)
poor diet, starvation, eating disorders, problems with digesting or absorbing nutrients from food, medical conditions which make a person unable to eat
12 of 24
Which fatty acids are essential?
Omega 3 and Omega 6
13 of 24
Why is omega 9 non-essential?
We can make it; as long as we get omegas 3 and 6
14 of 24
What are the effects of protein deficiency malnutrition? (3)
lack of plasma proteins, fluid retained in tissues (oedema), stunted growth and developmental difficulties in children
15 of 24
Which 3 hormones affect appetite?
PYY3-36, Insulin, Leptin
16 of 24
Where is PYY3-36 secreted from?
small intestine
17 of 24
Where is Insulin secreted from?
Pancreas
18 of 24
Where is leptin secreted from?
Adipose Tissue
19 of 24
Which 3 hormones regulate blood glucose?
Insulin, Glucagon, Adrenalin
20 of 24
Where is Insulin secreted from and what is its effect on blood glucose?
Secreted from pancreatic beta cells of Islets of Langerhans, Lowers blood glucose levels
21 of 24
Where is Glucagon secreted from and what is its effect on blood glucose?
Secreted from pancreatic alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans, raises blood glucose levels
22 of 24
Where is Adrenalin secreted from and what is its effect on blood glucose?
Secreted from adrenal glands, increases blood sugar
23 of 24
Define Calorie
One calorie is the amount of energy that will raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 ' C
24 of 24
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Why are some nutrients non-essential?
Back
Another nutrient can be used instead, or because they can be made by the body using another nutrient
Card 3
Front
Give an example of a non essential nutrient and explain why.
Back
Card 4
Front
What are Vitamins?
Back
Card 5
Front
Name a conditionally essential nutrient. Why is it conditionally essential?
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