Nucleic acids terminology

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  • Created by: charj31
  • Created on: 19-11-17 15:29
Adenine
A purine nucleobase which pairs with Thymine
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Allele
A different version of the same gene
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Amino acid
An organic compound containing an amine group, carboxyl group, and a variable R group. They are the building blocks of proteins
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Anti-parallel
Parallel however are moving in opposite directions
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ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate. Universal currency of cells. Made up of Adenine (nitrogenous base), a pentose sugar and phosphates
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Chromosome
A DNA molecule tightly coiled containing genetic information
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Complementary base pairing
Bases must join with the correct and complementary base e.g. A-T C-G
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Condensation reaction
The loss of a water molecule when two molecules join
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Covalent bond
The sharing of electrons with nearby atoms
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Cytosine
A pyrimidine nitrogenous base complementary to Guanine
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Degenerate code
There are 20 amino acids that are able to be coded for and different codons may code for the same amino acid.
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Deoxyribose
A pentose sugar found in DNA
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid twisted into a double helix structure containing genetic information
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DNA helicase
An enzyme used in DNA replication which unwinds and unzips DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the bases
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DNA polymerase
An enzyme used in DNA replication that re-forms the hydrogen bonds between the bases
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Double helix
The structure of DNA. The hydrogen bonds formed between the bases of each strand allow DNA to coil in such a way as the double helix structure
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Guanine
A nitrogenous nucleic purine base which is complementary to Cytosine
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Gene
A region of DNA which encodes a function
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Hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen bonds form between the bases to give DNA its structure. There are three hydrogen bonds between C and G. There are two hydrogen bonds between A and T
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mRNA
Messenger RNA is an identical single stranded version of DNA using one original strand of DNA as a template
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Mutation
A permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence due top mistakes made during DNA replication
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Nucleic acid
A macromolecule which is made up of smaller molecules called nucleotides
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Nucleotide
Form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids. A nitrogenous base, a sugar and a phosphate.
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DNA bases
A T C G
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RNA bases
A U C G
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Peptide bond
A covalent bonds joining amino acids
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Phosphodiester bonds
Chemical bond joining sugar molecules in a polynucleotide. E.g. between the nucleotides on DNA or RNA molecules
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Polynucleotide
A polymer made up of nucleotides
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Primary structure
This is the chain of amino acids in the formation of a protein
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Purine bases
A G
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Pyrimidine bases
C T
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Ribose
A sugar which is found in ATP and RNA
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rRNA
Ribosomal RNA is a component of the ribosome
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Ribosome
An organelle which is involved in translation of mRNA strands
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RNA
Ribonucleic acid is is a type of nucleic acid which contains genetic information. It contains ribose sugar
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RNA polymerase
An enzyme that forms RNA from a DNA template
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Secondary structure
When hydrogen bonds form within the amino acid chain causing folding or coiling
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Semi-conservative replication
Where one original strand of DNA is used as a template to be replicated and form a genetically identical DNA helix containing one newly made strand and one old.
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Sense strand
The strand of DNA which has the same sequence as mRNA and is used as the template to create mRNA
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Template strand
The strand used by DNA/RNA polymerase to attach complementary bases during DNA/RNA replication
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Tertiary structure
Here further folding or coiling occurs as more bonds are formed between the amino acid chain. E.g. ionic bonds, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions, disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonds
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Thymine
A nitrogenous pyrimidine base that is complementary to Adenine
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Transcription
The synthesis of an mRNA strand identical to the template DNA strand by the enzyme RNA polymerase
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Translation
The coding of an amino acids chain using complementary base pairing and triplet code between codons and anticodons on the mRNA strand occurring in the ribosome
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tRNA
Transfer RNA is a molecule which has three anticodons attached which are complementary to certain codons which have an amino acid attached which they bring to the ribosome in translation
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Triplet code
Each 3 codons code for a different amino acid
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A different version of the same gene

Back

Allele

Card 3

Front

An organic compound containing an amine group, carboxyl group, and a variable R group. They are the building blocks of proteins

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Parallel however are moving in opposite directions

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Adenosine Triphosphate. Universal currency of cells. Made up of Adenine (nitrogenous base), a pentose sugar and phosphates

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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