Nucleic acids model answers revision

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  • Created by: ElishaG
  • Created on: 21-03-17 20:09
The components of a DNA nucleotide are...
1)Deoxyribose sugar. 2)Phosphate group. 3)Nitrogenous base thymine, guanine, adenine or cytosine.
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The components of an RNA nucleotide are..
1)Ribose sugar.2)Phosphate group.3)Nitrogenous base Adenine,Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine.
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How is the structure of DNA different to RNA?
RNA= Has ribose, Uracil instead of Thymine, single stranded, three forms:tRNA,mRNA,rRNA. DNA= Deoxyribose,Thymine instead of Uracil.Double stranded.One form-DNA.
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Outline the roles of RNA in a cell.
1)Proteins are synthesised inside cell.2)DNA unable to leave nucleus.3)mRNA copies genes.4)mRNA leaves nucleus via nuclear pore to ribosomes. 5)Ribosomes made of rRNA.6)RNA needed for protein synthesis.7)Amino acids brought to ribosomes by tRNA.
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What does a gene code for?
The primary structure of a protein/polypeptide/sequence of amino acids.
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Describe protein synthesis.
1)DNA determines amino acid sequence.2)Transcription-mRNA makes complementary gene copy,leaves nucleus.3)Translation-mRNA attaches to ribosome in cytoplasm,tRNA brings amino acids to ribosome,peptide bonds form,primary structure created.
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Suggest the effect of a change in DNA sequence.
1)Different sequence of amino acids/primary structure.2)Protein folds up differently/different tertiary structure.3)Protein no longer functions.
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Describe how DNA is replicated.
1)Semi-conservative.2)DNA untwists/unwinds and unzips.3)H bonds break.4)Both strands act as template-aligning of free nucleotide according to base pairing.4)H bonds reform C-G=3.A-T=2.5)Sugar phosphate backbone forms-DNA polymerase.
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What is the type of bonds that form between sugars and phosphate groups?
Phosphodiester bonds.
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Why is DNA said to be semi-conservative?
1)Both original DNA strands act as templates for formation of new strands.2)New DNA has one old and one new strand.3)New strands genetically identical due to complementary base pairing.
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Explain why complementary base pairing is important in DNA replication.
1)DNA can be replicated without error.2)Reduces occurrence of mutation.3)Allows re-formation of hydrogen bonds.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The components of an RNA nucleotide are..

Back

1)Ribose sugar.2)Phosphate group.3)Nitrogenous base Adenine,Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine.

Card 3

Front

How is the structure of DNA different to RNA?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Outline the roles of RNA in a cell.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does a gene code for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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