Nucleic acids, DNA replication, protein synthesis & ATP

Flashcards focusing on nucleic acids (3.8), DNA replication & the genetic code (3.9), protein synthesis (3.10) and ATP (3.11).
?
Nucleotide
A large polymer composed of a pentose sugar, an inorganic phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
1 of 12
Pyrimidine
Smaller nitrogenous bases with one carbon ring; these are, thymine (T), cytosine (C) and uracil (U).
2 of 12
Purine
Larger nitrogenous bases that have two carbon rings; these are adenine (A) and guanine (G).
3 of 12
Complementary base pairs
Adenine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds, cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds.
4 of 12
What is a double helix structure?
Two polynucleotide chains held together by weak hydrogen bonds that are arranged to run in opposite directions (antiparallel).
5 of 12
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
A short section of DNA that's complementary to a gene that's transcribed into a small messenger RNA; uracil replaces thymine on a RNA strand.
6 of 12
DNA replication
Two strand of DNA from a double helix unzip and attracts free complementary nucleotides and joins them together to form a new polynucelotide.
7 of 12
Semiconservative replication
When two molecules are produced in DNA replication and one is a newly synthesized strand and one is an original strand of DNA.
8 of 12
Codon
The triplet code that is a sequence of three bases that codes for an amino acid.
9 of 12
Gene
A section of DNA that contains a complete sequence of bases that codes for a protein.
10 of 12
Degenerate code
There are 4 different bases, which means there's 65 different codons whilst there's only 20 amino acids; more than one codon codes for the same amino acid.
11 of 12
Introns & exons
Introns are non-coding regions of a gene and exons are coding regions.
12 of 12

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Smaller nitrogenous bases with one carbon ring; these are, thymine (T), cytosine (C) and uracil (U).

Back

Pyrimidine

Card 3

Front

Larger nitrogenous bases that have two carbon rings; these are adenine (A) and guanine (G).

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Adenine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds, cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Two polynucleotide chains held together by weak hydrogen bonds that are arranged to run in opposite directions (antiparallel).

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Biological molecules, organic chemistry and biochemistry resources »