4.Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

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  • Created by: kpaul1234
  • Created on: 06-04-21 10:11
Describe the structure and function of nucleic acids.
Nucleic acids are polymers specialized for storage, transmission, and use of genetic information
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Describe the structure of DNA.
Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid contains a deoxyribose sugar, AGCT bases, and two strands that form a double helix.
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Describe the structure of RNA
Ribo Nucleic Acid contains a ribose sugar, AGCU bases, and a single strand whereby base pairing occurs between different regions of the molecule which results in 3-D structure.
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Describe the structure and function of a nucleotide
A nucleotide is the monomer of a nucleic acid which contains a pentose sugar, nitrogenous base and phosphate group. Nucleotides are used in ATP, GTP, cAMP and as carriers in synthesis and breakdown of carbohydrates and lipids.
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Describe the structure of a Nucleoside.
Nucleoside is a structural subunit of Nucleic Acids containing a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base.
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Describe the structure of a pyrimidine
A pyrimidine is a form of nitrogenous base containing a single ring. E.g Cystosine,Thymine and Uracil
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Describe the structure of a purine.
A purine is a form of nitrogenous base containing a fused double ring.E.g. Adenine and Guanine.
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Describe the structure of deoxyribose
Deoxyribose is a five carbon sugar molecule that helps form the phosphate backbone of a DNA molecule.
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Describe the structure of ribose
Ribose is a five carbon sugar molecule which is a component of ATP.
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Describe a phosphodiester linkage
Phosphodiester linkage are bonds that form between nucleotides.
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Describe the process of DNA replication
DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
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Describe the process of Transcription
Transcription is the process of copying DNA sequences into RNA.
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Describe the process of Translation
Translation is the process of protein synthesis by ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum.
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Describe the process of gene expression
Gene expression is the combination of transcription and translation.
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Define a genome
A genome is the complete set of DNA in an organism.
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Define a gene
A gene is a sequence of DNA that are transcribed to RNA.
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Define a spontaneous generation
Spontaneous generation is a theory that living creatures could arise from nonliving matter
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Define chemical evolution
Chemical evolution is a theory that states that conditions on primitive Earth led to formation of simple molecules.
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Define ribozymes
A ribozyme is a RNA enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction.
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Describe the structure of a lipid bilayer
A lipid bilayer is a biological membrane consisting of two layers of lipid molecules each containing a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.
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Define a protocell
A protocell is a self organized lipid proposed as a stepping stone toward the origin of life.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe the structure of DNA.

Back

Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid contains a deoxyribose sugar, AGCT bases, and two strands that form a double helix.

Card 3

Front

Describe the structure of RNA

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe the structure and function of a nucleotide

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe the structure of a Nucleoside.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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