The sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that determines the specific amino acid sequence in the synthesis of proteins
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Polypeptide
A molecule containing many amino acids
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Transcription
DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). RNA = ribonucleic acid. In mRNA uracil (U) is used instead of thymine (T).
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mRNA
An RNA molecule that is created during transcription and is used to synthesise proteins
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RNA
A molecule that is used to carry instructions in the cell. It is similar to DNA but contains uracil instead of thymine
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DNA
A nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell
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Chromosome
A thread-like structure of protein and DNA by which hereditary information is physically passed from one generation to the next
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Nucleotide
the building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a 5 carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and one or more phosphate groups
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Polynucleotide
Many nucleotide bases joined together by phosphodiester bonds
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Complementary base pairing
The pairing of genetic bases so that adenosine always binds to thymine (or uracil in RNA) and guanine always binds to cytosine
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Double helix
The coiled structure of double-stranded DNA in which strands linked by hydrogen bonds form a spiral configuration, with the two strands oriented in opposite directions
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Nucleotide
Complex chemicals made up of an organic base, a sugar and a phosphate. They are the basic units of which the nucleic acids DNA and RNA are made
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DNA polymerase
An enzyme that catalyses the formation of a long chain of DNA
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DNA helicase
An enzyme that moves along the phosphodiester backbone of DNA and separates the two strands.
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Ribosome
a complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of a large and a small subunit. In eukaryotic cells, each subunit is assembled in the n
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Nuclear envelope
The double-layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. The nuclear envelope has pores that allow the passage of materials into and out of the cell
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Rough ER functions
the linking between two nitrogenous bases on opposite complementary DNA or certain types of RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds is called a base pair (often abbreviated bp).
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Adenine
Purine that hydrogen bonds to thymine in DNA.
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Thymine
Pyrimidine that bonds to adenine in DNA
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Guanine
Purine that hydrogen bonds to cytosine in DNA.
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Deoxyribose
A pentose sugar found in DNA.
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Ribose
The 5 Carbon sugar component of RNA nucleotides
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Hydrogen bond
A type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond
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DNA ligase
A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of one DNA fragment (such as an Okazaki fragment) to the 5' end of another DNA fragment (such as a growing
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Okazaki fragment
A short segment of DNA synthesized away from the replication fork on a template strand during DNA replication, many of which are joined together to make up the lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA.
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lagging strand
A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5'?3' direction away from the replication fork.
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
an adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
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ATP synthase
Enzyme associated with stalked particles in mitochondria and chloroplasts. It catalyses the joining of ADP and inorganic phosphate to make ATP.
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Water
dissolves waste products of metabolism, acts as an insulator, serves as a lubricant between joints, and transports nutrients around the body
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A molecule containing many amino acids
Back
Polypeptide
Card 3
Front
DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). RNA = ribonucleic acid. In mRNA uracil (U) is used instead of thymine (T).
Back
Card 4
Front
An RNA molecule that is created during transcription and is used to synthesise proteins
Back
Card 5
Front
A molecule that is used to carry instructions in the cell. It is similar to DNA but contains uracil instead of thymine
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