Northern Earls Rebellion
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- Created by: TessAni
- Created on: 15-04-13 12:08
What three events changed the stability of Elizabeth's reign?
Calvinist rebels in the Netherlands defeated by Spanish in May 1567; William Cecil impounded Spanish bullion ships in December 1568; Mary Queen of Scots fled to England in May 1568
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Why was there a difficulty in removing Catholicism in the North?
Catholics still appointed as JPs; difficulty in finding trained protestant priests to replace the Catholics
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When did Parliament act on the succession question?
1566 Elizabeth, as usual, had refused to discuss the matter
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Which faction developed?
Anti-Cecil faction - convinced Cecil was taking England close to war with France and Spain
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What plan developed?
Marry Mary Queen of Scots to the Duke of Norfolk - they believed this would force Elizabeth to name Mary as heir and would force Cecil out
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Who suggested the plan?
Secretary Maitland one of the Scottish regent Moray’s commissioners, at a conference held at York in October 1568 to settle Mary’s future
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Why was there confusion religiously?
Some protestants were involved and believed marrying Mary to a protestant would convert her; others rebels were Catholics and believed that Mary should maintain her religion
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Which figures were involved?
Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland (reconverted to Catholicism in 1567), Earl of Westmorland a devout Catholic and then Protestants Leicester Pembroke and Throckmorton
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Which foreign powers were involved?
Rome and Spain for military aid
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Who leaked the plan?
6th September Leicester confessed his involvement
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How did Norfolk react?
16th September Norfolk left the Court for his estate at Kenningall in Norfolk
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How did the Queen react? Norfolk's response?
She vetoed the propsal; Norfolk begged for Elizabeht's mercy and she had a brief spell in the Tower as a punishment
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What did Norfolk tell the Earls?
Norfolk told both Northumberland and Charles Earl of Westmorland (his brother in law) on 1st October not to rebel
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Who investigated the plot?
9th October Earl of Sussex at York on 13th October Sussex wrote that he was satisfied that they were innocent
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How did Elizabeth react?
Elizabeth summoned the two Earls to court on 24th, the situation changed
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How did the Earls react?
Instead of going to court, they returned north (as advised by Mary and the Spanish ambassador, de Spes). Encouraged by their wives, they raised their followers in rebellion
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Where did they go first? When? What events occurred?
16th November 1569 Durham; Cathedral seized, communion table thrown out and Catholic mass was heard
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Where did they go next? When? How many rebels?
The rebels marched towards Bramham Moor, near York on 22 November with 5,400
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Who tried to counter the rebellion?
Earl of Sussex with 300 men and Sir George Bowes
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When and why did they return to the north?
24th November feared rumours of the size of royal force and also awaiting Spanish aid
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Why was the plan to free Mary abandoned?
She was taken to Coventry and the Earl of Shrewesbury from South Wingfield Manor in Derbyshire
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Who decided against supporting?
Many Catholics but particularly the Duke of Alva; Cumberland, Dacre and Lord Scrope
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Where did they proceed?
Barnard Capture and Hartlepool
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Why did they disband? When?
News of royal forces reached the River Tees; 16th December
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Who aided the the Queen?
Vice President of the Council of the North, Sir Thomas Gargrave, Sir John Forster and Sussex
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Why did the rebellion continue?
January 1570 under the leadership of Lord Dacre who raised some 3,000 troops
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When was he defeated?
In a battle near Carlisle 21st February
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What happened to the rebels?
Lord Dacre and Earl of Northumberland fled to Scotland, Westmorland died in exile; 450/700 were executed
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What happened to the Earl of Northumberland?
He was returned to England by the Scots in 1572
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What other plots was Mary involved in? Dates?
the Ridolfi Plot of 1571, the Parry Plot of 1585 and the Babington Plot of 1586.
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How was fear a factor?
Northumberland created Lieutenant General of North by Mary in 1558 taken away by Elizabeth; Westmorland was living in poverty and had to borrow; wives were dominant and encouraged both earls
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Other political factors?
Regional crisis - attack on North - appointment of protestant exile James Pilkington as Bishop of Durham; Lord Hunsdon, Queen's cousin, given control over important areas; Sir John Foster allowed to build up power (Northumberland's rival)
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Catholic religious factors?
Explains resentment towards James Pilkington (he led a fierce attack against Catholics burning images etc; Markenfeld and Norton - key agitators - just returned from trips abroad significant in Counter Reformation (involved in Pilgrimage)
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Demonstrations that it was religious?
Entered with Five Wounds of Christ banner and destroyed English Bibles ; destroyed in 70 churches in north overall
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******* feudalism?
Helped rebels raise a large number of horsemen; supporters came from areas of feudal allegiance for Neville and Percy households (Bracenpeth, Topcliffe and Raby)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Why was there a difficulty in removing Catholicism in the North?
Back
Catholics still appointed as JPs; difficulty in finding trained protestant priests to replace the Catholics
Card 3
Front
When did Parliament act on the succession question?
Back
Card 4
Front
Which faction developed?
Back
Card 5
Front
What plan developed?
Back
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