Non-Biological Explanations of Unipolar Depression - Cognitive Elements.

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• 2. Conducted a meta analysis of CBT and found that it performed well in controlled trials. Concluded that it helped for at least as long as antidepressent treatments for depression (6, 2, 2)
• 3. Depression is a result of negative schemas. This results in a negative triad of beliefs: The self, the world and the future (5, 8, 5)
• 4. Longitudianak study with Ameircan college students. They found that college students who they identified as have negative though patterns were more at risk of developing depression in the future (5, 3, 8)
• 5. Distorts how an event is percieved which triggers anxiety and negative emotion. These include polar reasoning, selective abstraction and catastophising (9, 11)
• 6. How we locate causes for events. Internal suggests that we are responsible for what happens to us but external suggests it out of our control (13, 4)
• 7. Experiements with animals has shown that when they are exposed to inescapable electric shocks they learn to give up trying to escape, even when the oppurtunity is presented to them to eascape they don't take it. (7, 11)