how had the war of the roses upset the status of the monarch?
the crown being fought over by rival factions
1 of 32
how the did the nobility benefit from this?
- the lack of authority allowed them the put the law into their own hands
- Although they had always tried to control their localities, they were now using their retainers as their private armies to settle petty disputes
2 of 32
what is the 'Great Chain of Being'
Belief in the divine order extended from God down through angels, humans, animals, vegetables and minerals
3 of 32
how did this relate to tudor society?
used by the church to justify the position of the king, through the nobles, gentry and peasant
4 of 32
what was henry's thoughts about controlling nobitlity
that imposing his will by ruthless impartiality meant nobility would learn that their role/position was one of obedience, service and loyalty to the Crown
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why did henry keep number of peers small?
a limited noble class were easier to control
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how did he keep number of peerage small?
by limiting the number of new lords that he created
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how else did this help control nobility?
created a reward for nobles to aspire to, encouraging respect, obedience and loyalty to the king
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how many earls did henry have?
3
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how many peers were their in 1584?
62
10 of 32
how many peers were there in 1509
48
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what is the Order of the Garter
an honour was bestowed on the most important knights who then attained the senior rank of knighthood
12 of 32
how many earls did edward iv have?
9
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how did he use the Acts of attainder to control nobility?
He would often use this with special conditions so that they could be reversed for good behaviour, creating incentive to become loyal even if they had betrayed him in the past
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how does his use of acts of attainder compare to Edward iv?
- Edward IV passed 140 vs Henry's 138, but Henry often attached harsher conditions
- Henry increased the use of Attainders in the later years of his reign, with 51 in the period 1504-1509
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how many Knights of the Garter did Henry create?
37
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why was the order of the garter beneficial financially?
it allowed henry to bestow prestige but no power or land
17 of 32
what is the king's council
a position of King's councillor,
emphasis was on loyalty to trusted servant and the king's confidence
18 of 32
who was the treasurer for the first 20 years of Henry's reign
Lord dinham
19 of 32
how did his 5 key councilors relate to bosworth?
the 5 had aligned themselves with Henry before Bosworth, showing loyalty
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what is patronage
traditionally used to 'pay' nobility for loyalty with power and land
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how did henry use it differently?
he used it as a reward for loyalty and good service, incentivising this behaviour for other nobility and gentry
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give 2 examples of patronage
thomas lord stanley - retained control of Lancashire and Cheshire
sir reginauld bray - accumulated land worth over £1000 per year
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why was he hesitant to reward patronage?
because giving certain noble families to much power could've threatened his reign and created opportunity for an uprising
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what are bonds?
Bonds were written agreements in which people promised to pay a sum of money if they failed to carry out their promise
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what proportion of noble families were engaged in bonds?
36/62
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what was often a target for bonds?
the practice of keeping private armies of retainers
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what is a recognisance
a formal acknowledge of a debt
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why was he particularly harsh on bonds and recognisances?
1) to maintain and ensure loyalty
2) to raise royal revenue
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what was the range of money in these 'agreements'?
- £400 for an insignificant offender
- £10,000 for a peer
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what member of the clergy was put in a bond?
Bishop of Worcester
had to promise to pay £2000 if his loyalty was ever in question
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how many acts of attainder did henry reverse?
46
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
how the did the nobility benefit from this?
Back
- the lack of authority allowed them the put the law into their own hands
- Although they had always tried to control their localities, they were now using their retainers as their private armies to settle petty disputes
Card 3
Front
what is the 'Great Chain of Being'
Back
Card 4
Front
how did this relate to tudor society?
Back
Card 5
Front
what was henry's thoughts about controlling nobitlity
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