Newtonian World Definitions

Definitions

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  • Created by: Jade
  • Created on: 03-12-12 09:37
Newtons First Law
States that a force is necessary to change the state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line of a body.
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Linear Momentum
Is defined as the mass of an object multiplied by its velocity. It is a vector. The symbol used for momentum is usually p. (p=mv)
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Newtons Second Law
States that the rate of change of the momentum of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting upon it.
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The Newton
One newton is the force that gives a mass of one kilogram an acceleration of one metre per second each second.
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Newtons Third Law
States that when body A exerts a force on body B, then body B exerts a force on body A a force that is equal, opposite in direction and of the same type.
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The Principle of Conservation of Momentum
States that, in any direction, in the absence of external forces, the total momentum of a system remains constant.
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Impulse
Is defined by the expression force multiplied by the change in time. It equals the change in momentum of a body. It is equal to the area beneath a force-time graph.
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Perfectly Elastic Collison
Is one in which no momentum or kinetic energy is lost.
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Inelastic Collision
Is one in which momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not.
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The Radian
One radian is the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc of length equal to the circle's radius.
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Period (T)
The period of an object in circular motion is the time taken to complete one revolution. It is related to the speed (v) and the radius (r) by the equation v = (2pir)/T
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Field
Is the region in which a force operates.
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Gravitational Field Strength
At any point is the force acting per unit mass at the point.
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Gravitational Force
The gravitational force of attraction between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
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Period of a Planet
The period of a planet is the time it takes to complete one orbit around the Sun. For the Earth, it is one year.
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Kepler's Third Law
States that the period of a planet squared equals th mean radius of its orbit cubed. (T^2 = r^3)
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Displacement
Is the distance an object has moved from its mean (or rest) position.
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Amplitude
Is the maximum displacement
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Frequency
Is the number of oscillations per unit time at any point.
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The Period
Is the time for one complete pattern of oscillation to take place at any point.
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Damping
Deliberately reducing the amplitude of an oscillation is called damping.
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Resonance
Is the build-up of a large-amplitude oscillation when the frequencies of vibrating objects match.
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Phase
Means whether a substance is a solid, a liquid or a gas.
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Internal Energy
The internal energy of a body is the sum of the random distributions of kinetic and potential energies of all the molecules in the body.
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Ideal Gas
An ideal gas is a gas that has internal energy only in the form of random kinetic energy.
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Thermal Equilibrium
Two objects at the same temperature will be in thermal equilibrium.
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Specific Heat Capacity
Is the quantity of the thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by a unit temperature rise.
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Specific Laten Heat of Fusion
Of s substance is the quantity of energy per unit mass required to change it at constant temperature from a solid into a liquid.
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Boyle's Law
States that the volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversly proportional to the pressure exerted on it, provided the temperature is kept constant.
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Ideal Gas Temperature
For a fixes mass of ideal gas at constant pressure, its volume (V) is proportional to the ideal gas temperature (T). T will be a temperature in kelvin.
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Avogadro Constant
The Avogadro constant is 6.02x10^23 mol^-1
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The Mole
The mole of any substance contains 6.02x10^23 particles.
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Boltzmann Constant
The Boltzmann constant is the gas constant for a single molecule.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Is defined as the mass of an object multiplied by its velocity. It is a vector. The symbol used for momentum is usually p. (p=mv)

Back

Linear Momentum

Card 3

Front

States that the rate of change of the momentum of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting upon it.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

One newton is the force that gives a mass of one kilogram an acceleration of one metre per second each second.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

States that when body A exerts a force on body B, then body B exerts a force on body A a force that is equal, opposite in direction and of the same type.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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hayley

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Very good

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