What are abnormal parameters for fetal heart rates?
Less than 100bpm (bradycardia), more than 160bpm (tachycardia)
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What could cause tachycardia and bradycardia?
Tachy: pain, too warm, sepsis, overhandling. Brady: hypoxia (low O2), too cold and sepsis
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What are the normal parameters for respiration rate?
30-60b/m (LTHT 40-60b/m). Too high: too hot, hypoxia, too much handling. Too low: too cold, low energy reserves, pain, cerebral irritation, collapse
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What are the normal and abnormal parameters for temperature?
36.5-37.5 NORMAL...any more or less is a worry
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What do we look for when we initially observe an infant?
Colour, alterness, movement, posture/tone (legs slightly up, good head support) and resps (rate and effort)
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What are the main things we examine in newborns?
Muscle tone, asymmetry in looks and movements. Head, face, mouth, ears and eyes/any facial characteristics indicating syndromes. Any clefts/creases/deformities. Neck and digits!
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What do we look for in a chest and abdomen?
It's soft, rounded, no distention. Chest: no effort or weasing during inspiration/expiration, no grunts, all symmetrical
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What are the main reflexes?
Morro (flayling of limbs when slightly dropped), gripping, suckling, babinski (toes flayed), stepping, tonic neck
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What adnormal head shapes are there?
Adema (acc. of fluid due to breach), bruising due to instrumental delivery, normal sutures, no cephel haemattomas (not behind sutures)
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What do we look for in eyes?
Tear ducts not blocked, no conjunctivitis, no jaundice. Blood shot: blood pressure high, no danger. Sticky eyes may indicate chlamydia. RED REFLEX!
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What do we look for in mouths?
Two white drops: normal. Natal teeth: wobble, remove! Dots on bottom lip, salivary glands (normal). ORAL THRUSH? No to be confused with milky mouth! No tongue ties!
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What do we look for in the ears, neck and spine?
Shape, position (ears deformed may indicate kidney issues), neck is not short or restricted, sacral dimple not present (may indicate spina bifida)
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What do we look for in toes and fingers?
All 10 toes and fingers, not fused or shortened
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What do we look for in skin?
Pinky/red tone is good. Skin intact, no jaundice, good temp. Mongolian blue spot is normal. ET rash, allergies or bacterial colonisation. Milk spots (sweat glands) normal. Port wine stain due to capillary action
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What do we look for in the umbilical cord?
2 small arteries and 1 large vein!
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Tell me about nappies!
By day 6, looking for 6-8 wet nappies a day and AT LEAST 2 dirty ones. Mecconium passed, poo now yellow!
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What is pseudomenstuation?
Small period in girls due to mother's hormones, normal is first couple of days. Crystals? Dehydrated
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What is the expected birth weight loss of newborns?
10%. Will start to regain by day 10. Secondary weight loss is a concern.
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What do we recommend for newborn washing?
No rush, babies can lose their temperature and get stressed. RCM: A couple baths a week. Warm, sterile water...alkaline free soap! Don't need all the creams: sudocrem good.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are abnormal parameters for fetal heart rates?
Back
Less than 100bpm (bradycardia), more than 160bpm (tachycardia)
Card 3
Front
What could cause tachycardia and bradycardia?
Back
Card 4
Front
What are the normal parameters for respiration rate?
Back
Card 5
Front
What are the normal and abnormal parameters for temperature?
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