Neuropsychology 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyIntroduction to Neuroscientific MethodsUniversityOther Created by: alicianorthCreated on: 04-12-18 21:22 Epiphenomenon A secondary phenomenon [mind] that occurs alongside or in parallel to a primary phenomenon [brain] 1 of 22 Reductionism A more complex system is nothing but the sum of its parts - psychology can be reduced to biology 2 of 22 Materialism All phenomena, including mental phenomena and consciousness, are the result of material interactions 3 of 22 Functional specialisation Different regions of the brain are specialised for different functions 4 of 22 Localisationism The theory that different brain functions can be localized to different physical regions of the brain. 5 of 22 Holistic perspective Brain works as a whole - Lashley: learning of a task was affected by brain damage depends on the extent of the damage 6 of 22 Classical neuropsychology Infer function of brain area - neurological perspective 7 of 22 Cognitive neuropsychology Infer separate, independent cognitive functions - independent of where in the brain 8 of 22 Domain specificity Modules only operate on certain kinds of inputs - they are specialised 9 of 22 Informational encapsulation Modules need not refer to other psychological systems in order to operate - i.e. independence 10 of 22 Functional modularity Separate and independent cognitive processing functions 11 of 22 Transparency assumption The model of normal cognition continues to apply in spite of damaged component (no functional reorganisation) 12 of 22 Universality assumption Everyone has the same cognitive system, which means that studying only a small sample has is legitimate for drawing general conclusions 13 of 22 Finding an association Inconclusive evidence regarding modularity 14 of 22 Dissociation The patient performs significantly worse than the control subject on one task 15 of 22 Task-demand artefact One task is performed sub-optimally = pragmatic problem 16 of 22 Task-resource artefact One task requires more cognitive resources 17 of 22 Double dissociation Two related mental processes are shown to function independently of each other 18 of 22 Fractionation assumption Damage to the brain can produce selective cognitive lesions 19 of 22 Impossible falsification Theories based on single case studies can never be refuted 20 of 22 Group studies Assess average performance of group of patients - similar with respect to brain damage and behaviour 21 of 22 Anatomical modualarity Separate neural systems are anatomically separated and can thus be selectively impaired by brain damage 22 of 22
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