Neurobiology of movement - controlling the actions of muscles

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  • Created by: Alex
  • Created on: 01-06-13 12:10
What causes muslces to move?
motor nerves run from the spinal cord to the muscles - functional element controlling action
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cervical enlargements gives attachment to the nerves what?
upper limbs
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lumbar enlargements gives attachment to the nerves what?
lower limbs
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whats a neuromuscular junction?
specialised synapse transferring electrical signals from the CNS to the muscles that move all elements of the body
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where is a neuromuscular junction located?
in a pit on the surface of a muscle cell
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Who does the concept of hierarchy in the motor system come from the work of and when?
Hughlings Jackson (1835-1911)
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What is heirarchy (NS)
automatic movements coded by the spinal cord and brain stem and purposeful/skiled movements initiated by the cerebellum, basal ganglia and cortex
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whats the spinal cord?
long, slender cylinder of nerve tissue that extends from the brain stem
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what's locomotion
act of self-propulsion by an animal, has many manifestations, including running, swimming, jumping and flying
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how does the spinal cord help locomotion?
contains circuits that generate rhythmic patterns for locomotion
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what are brainstem nuclei in control of?
innate behaviour - walking, grooming and feeding
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whats the cerebellum
Part of the hindbrain in vertebrates. In humans it lies between the brainstem and the cerebrum. It plays an important role in sensory perception, motor output, balance and posture- generating smooth coordinated sequences of muscle interaction
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what does damage to the cerebellum result in
poorly coordinates, robotic, inaccurate movement and loss of balance
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what are the basal ganglia?
collection of nuclei found on both sides of the thalamus, outside and above the limbic system
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what do basal ganglia do?
initiate willed movements by means of a smooth stop/go controlloer
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what movement disorder is basal ganglia most commonly associated with?
parkinsons disease
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role of primary motor cortex
located in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe. It works in association with other motor areas including premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area, posterior parietal cortex, & several subcortical brain regions, to plan & execute movements
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Who determined the site of the motor cortex as the pre-central gyrus?
Ferrier and Sherrington
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what is the primary motor cortex - structure
***** of tissue anterior to the central sulcus
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what is the primary motor cortex called anatomically?
pre-central gyrus or area 4
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what is the primary motor cortex called functionally?
M1
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what does stimulation of M1 lead to?
activation of somatic muscles - innervate specific parts of the body
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Card 2

Front

cervical enlargements gives attachment to the nerves what?

Back

upper limbs

Card 3

Front

lumbar enlargements gives attachment to the nerves what?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

whats a neuromuscular junction?

Back

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Card 5

Front

where is a neuromuscular junction located?

Back

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