Neuro: Week 11 and week 1: Evolution and introduction 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyVisual SystemUniversityNone Created by: laurenlottie18Created on: 20-01-19 16:18 What is evolution? Gradual change in structure / physiology of a species , generally producing more complex organisms as a result of natural selection. 1 of 43 Whom can natural selection theory be attributed too? Alfred Wallace and Charles Darwin 2 of 43 What is natural selection? Process by which inherited traits that confer a selective advantage become more prevalent in the population. 3 of 43 What are the two phenotypes of a peppered moth? Carbonaria and Typica 4 of 43 During what period was the carbonaria peppered moth greater in population? Industrial revolution 5 of 43 Which phenotype for the peppered moth means they are light ? Typica 6 of 43 How many chromosomes does a human sperm contain? 23 7 of 43 What is an example of detrimental genetic mutation? Cystic fibrosis 8 of 43 What form of sickle cell trait is beneficial? 1 copy = resistance to malaria 9 of 43 What parts of the brain do all vertebrates have? Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain 10 of 43 What is Triune Brain theory (1960's)? 3 distinct brains emerged successively through evolution and co-inhabit human skull. 11 of 43 What three brains are part of Triune Brain theory? (1) Reptilian , (2) Limbic, (2) Neocortex 12 of 43 In Triune brain theory, what is the reptilian brain? Oldest brain region which includes the brainstem and cerebellum. 13 of 43 What is not a function of the reptilian brain? Helps keep body's internal state constant and balanced 14 of 43 What is Triunes brain theory: the limbic brain? Emerged in mammals and has evolved into the limbic system: a feelings centre. 15 of 43 What is the limbic brain also called? Paleomammalian brain 16 of 43 What is not a function of the neocortex? Controls emotions and records memories of behaviour 17 of 43 According to the Triune Brain Theory, which brain controls emotions? Limbic brain 18 of 43 In what animals is the size of the neocortex the largest? Primates 19 of 43 What brain regions of humans have grown the most? Neocortex and prefrontal cortex 20 of 43 Why is the prefrontal cortex larger in humans? Humans have a larger volume of white matter in the PFC 21 of 43 What percentage of the human brain does the neocortex constitute? 80% 22 of 43 Why might humans have a larger neocortex than other species? To facilitate advanced social skills 23 of 43 What is neuroscience? The scientific study of the nervous system 24 of 43 What is the correct anatomy of the spinal cord? Core of grey matter surrounded by white matter 25 of 43 What does ventral mean? Towards the front 26 of 43 What direction do afferent neurones transport information? To the Brain. 27 of 43 Where do Afferent neurones terminate? The dorsal horn 28 of 43 What type of neurone have cell bodies in the ventral horn? Efferent neurones 29 of 43 How many vertebra protect the spinal cord? 24 30 of 43 Where do afferent neurones terminate? Dorsal horn 31 of 43 How does the PNS convey information to the CNS from the receptors? Afferent Neurones 32 of 43 How many cranial nerves are there? 12 pairs 33 of 43 How many cranial nerves connect to the brainstem? 10 pairs 34 of 43 How many cranial nerves connect to the forebrain? 2 pairs 35 of 43 What type of fibres does the spinal nerves contain? Sensory and motor 36 of 43 What does the Somatic Nervous System do? Voluntary control of body movement. 37 of 43 What does the autonomic nervous system do? Controls involuntary functions 38 of 43 What does the Sympathetic nervous system do? Coordinates response to stress, i.e. fight or flight 39 of 43 What activates 'rest and digest'? The parasympathetic nervous system 40 of 43 What affects the enteric nervous system? Activity in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems 41 of 43 What does the enteric nervous system do? Exerts control over smooth muscle and generates rhythms that propel food along the gut 42 of 43 What do neuroimaging techniques measure as an indirect measure of brain activity? Brain blood flow 43 of 43
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